This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1845.

• January 10 – Robert Browning begins his correspondence with his future wife, fellow poet Elizabeth Barrett.^[1] On May 20 they meet for the first time. She begins writing her Sonnets from the Portuguese.
• January 29 – Edgar Allan Poe first publishes the narrative poem "The Raven", under his own name in The Evening Mirror of New York, of which he is a staff critic until February. It is rapidly reprinted across the United States and appears in book form by the end of the year.
• March – Walt Whitman publishes a short story, "Arrow-Tip" (later renamed "The Half-Breed").
• April – Nathaniel Hawthorne first publishes the short story "P.'s Correspondence", a pioneering example of alternate history, in which deceased writers and political figures (such as Keats, Shelley and Byron) are described as still living, and vice versa. The story appears in The United States Magazine and Democratic Review and features in Hawthorne's Mosses from an Old Manse (1846).
• April 24 – Alfred de Musset and Honoré de Balzac are awarded the French Legion of Honour.
• c. May – Benjamin Disraeli's "Young England" roman à thèse, Sybil; or, The Two Nations, is published in London; he receives a £10,000 advance.
• Spring–Summer – The essays in Thomas de Quincey's Suspiria de Profundis appear in Blackwood's Magazine.
• October 1 – Prosper Mérimée's novella Carmen appears in its original form in Revue des deux Mondes. Book publication follows in 1846.
• December – The future American President Brevet Second Lieutenant Ulysses S. Grant plays Desdemona in an amateur production of Othello at Corpus Christi, Texas.^[2]
• December 30 – The American actress Charlotte Cushman plays Romeo to her sister Susan's Juliet in a production of Romeo and Juliet at the Haymarket Theatre in London.
• undated
  • In Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg, the agronomist Arthur Schott begins putting out chapbooks with samples from Romanian folklore; these feature the first recorded mentions of a trickster-like figure, Păcală (as Bakála).^[3]
  • Varney the Vampire; or, the Feast of Blood begins serial publication as a 'penny dreadful' by Edward Lloyd in London, introducing many of the tropes of vampire fiction. It is probably written by James Malcolm Rymer and Thomas Preskett Prest.^[4]

• January 8 – Minnie Willis Baines, American author (died 1923)^[7]
• January 21 – Lepha Eliza Bailey, American author, lecturer and social reformer (died 1924)
• March 21 – Emily Thornton Charles, American poet, journalist, editor and newspaper founder (died 1895)
• April 4 – Emma B. Alrich, American journalist, author and educator (died 1925)
• April 17 – Lucy Bethia Walford, Scottish novelist and artist (died 1915)
• April 24 – Carl Spitteler, Swiss poet (died 1924)^[8]
• April 30 – Alexander Anderson, Scottish poet (died 1909)
• May 9 – Georgina Castle Smith (pseudonym Brenda), English children's writer (died 1933)
• May 14 – L. S. Bevington, English anarchist poet and essayist (died 1895)
• May 16 – Amy Dillwyn, Welsh novelist (died 1935)
• May 17 – Jacint Verdaguer, Catalan poet (died 1902)
• June 3 – Estelle Mendell Amory, American educator and author (unknown year of death)
• June 13 – Alphonse-Jules Wauters, Belgian writer and editor (died 1916)
• June 15 – Jennie McCowen, American physician, writer and medical journal editor (died 1924)
• June 17 – Emily Lawless, Irish modernist novelist and poet (died 1913)
• July 18 – Tristan Corbière, French poet (died 1875)
• July 26 – Martina Swafford, American poet (died 1913)
• August 10 – Abai Qunanbaiuly, Kazakh poet, philosopher and cultural reformer (died 1904)
• August 11 – Addie C. Strong Engle, American author and publisher (died 1926)
• August 27 – Martha Capps Oliver, American poet and hymnwriter (died 1917)^[9]
• September 3 – Louise Herschman Mannheimer, Czech-American author, school founder, and inventor (died 1920)
• September 20 – Sarah Dyer Hobart, American author (died 1921)
• September 30 – Margaret Dye Ellis, American social reformer, lobbyist and correspondent (died 1925)
• October 14 – Olindo Guerrini, Italian poet (died 1916)
• October 25 – Rebecca Agatha Armour, Canadian novelist (died 1891)
• November 19 – Agnes Giberne, English children's writer (died 1939)
• November 25 – José Maria de Eça de Queirós, Portuguese novelist (died 1900)
• December 6 – Rose Porter, American religious novelist (died 1906)

• January 22 – Pierre Hyacinthe Azaïs, French philosopher (born 1766)^[10]
• February 22 – Rev. Sydney Smith, English writer and wit (born 1771)^[11]
• May 3 – Thomas Hood, English poet and humorist (born 1799)^[12]
• May 12
  • János Batsányi, Hungarian poet and anti-Habsburg activist (born 1763)
  • August Wilhelm Schlegel, German poet and translator (born 1767)
• May 26 – Jónas Hallgrímsson, Icelandic poet (accident, born 1807)
• June 17 – Rev. Richard Harris Barham (Thomas Ingoldsby) English comic poet (ulcerated larynx, born 1788)
• July 12 – Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian poet and dramatist (tuberculosis; born 1808)
• August 3 – Charlotte Ann Fillebrown Jerauld, American poet and story writer (born 1820)
• October 26 – Carolina Oliphant, Lady Nairne, Scottish songwriter and collector (born 1766)
• November 11 – Maria Gowen Brooks, American poet (tropical fever, born c. 1794)