The year 1634 in music involved some significant events.

• February 3 – James Shirley's spectacular masque The Triumph of Peace is performed in London. The work features music by William Lawes, Simon Ives, and Bulstrode Whitelocke. It is repeated on February 13.
• September 29 (Michaelmas) – The masque Comus, by John Milton, is presented at Ludlow Castle, with music composed by Henry Lawes.

• Ignazio Donati – First book of motets for solo voice, Op. 16 (Venice: Alessandro Vincenti)
• Melchior Franck
  • Zwey neue Christliche Klag- und Traur-Gesäng for four and six voices (Coburg: Johann Forckel), two funeral motets
  • Der 51. Psalm deß Königlichen Propheten Davids, Miserere mei Deus for four, five, six, and eight voices (Coburg: Johann Forckel), in both Lain and German
  • Neues Christliches Grabgesang (Ach du mein liebstes Jesulein) for four voices (Coburg, Johann Forckel), a funeral motet

• Charles d'Ambleville – Octonarium sacrum

• William Lawes – The Triumph of Peace

• January 7 – Adam Krieger, composer (died 1666)
• March 26 – Domenico Freschi, composer (died 1710)
• date unknown
  • Clamor Heinrich Abel, German composer (died 1696)
  • Marc-Antoine Charpentier, French composer (died 1704)
• probable
  • Carlo Grossi, composer (died 1688)
  • Antonio Draghi, Italian composer (died 1700)

• October – George Kirbye, composer (born c.1565)
• November 15 – Johann Staden, organist and composer (born 1581)
• date unknown – Adriano Banchieri, Italian composer (born 1568)