The year 1587 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.

• c. March – An edition of Peter Martyr d'Anghiera's De Orbe Novo ("On the New World", 1530) edited by Richard Hakluyt is published in Paris with a new map of the Americas.

• Franciscus Patricius publishes Della nuova geometria in Ferrara.

• January 5 – Xu Xiake, Chinese explorer and geographer (died 1641)
• January 8 – Johannes Fabricius, Frisian astronomer (died 1616)
• October 22 – Joachim Jungius, German mathematician, logician and philosopher of science (died 1657)
• Song Yingxing, Chinese encyclopedist (died 1666)

• January 28 – Francisco Hernández de Toledo, Spanish physician and botanist (born 1514)
• Possible date – Humphrey Baker, English arithmetician