1143 Odysseus /oʊˈdɪsiːəs/, provisional designation 1930 BH, is a large Jupiter trojan located in the Greek camp of Jupiter's orbit. It was discovered on 28 January 1930, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany,^[1] and later named after Odysseus, the legendary hero from Greek mythology.^[3] The dark D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 10.1 hours.^[5] With a diameter of approximately 125 kilometers (78 miles), it is among the 10 largest Jovian trojans.

Odysseus is a dark Jovian asteroid orbiting in the leading Greek camp at Jupiter's L₄ Lagrangian point, 60° ahead of the Gas Giant's orbit in a 1:1 resonance (see Trojans in astronomy).^[6] It is a non-family asteroid in the Jovian background population.^[7]

It orbits the Sun at a distance of 4.8–5.7 AU once every 12 years (4,393 days; semi-major axis of 5.25 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 3° with respect to the ecliptic.^[4] As a Jupiter Trojan it is in a very stable orbit. Its closest approach to any major planet will be on 5 May 2083 when it will still be 3.104 AU (464,000,000 km; 289,000,000 mi) from Mars.^{[lower-alpha 2]} The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg in February 1930, three weeks after its official discovery observation.^[1]

This minor planet was named after the ancient Greek hero Odysseus (Odysseus Laertiades) in Homer's epic poem Odyssey. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 107).^[3] Another Jupiter trojan, 5254 Ulysses, is named after the Latin variant of Odysseus.

Odysseus is a dark D-type asteroid in both the Tholen classification and Bus–DeMeo classification.^[8]