1082_Pirola

1082 Pirola

1082 Pirola

Asteroid

1082 Pirola /ˈpɪrələ/ is a dark Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt. It was discovered on 28 October 1927, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in Germany, and assigned the provisional designation 1927 UC.[1] The carbonaceous C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 15.9 hours and measures approximately 41 kilometers (25 miles) in diameter. It was named after the herbaceous plant Pyrola (wintergreen).[3]

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Orbit and classification

When applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements, Pirola is a Themistian asteroid that belongs to the Themis family (602),[18][6][7] a large family of nearly 6,000 known carbonaceous asteroids, named after 24 Themis.[19]: 23  It orbits the Sun in the outer main belt at a distance of 2.6–3.7 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,013 days; semi-major axis of 3.12 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.[4] The asteroid was first identified as A916 UP at Simeiz Observatory in October 1916. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in October 1927.[1]

Naming

This minor planet was named after Pyrola, also known as wintergreen, a herbaceous plant (mostly evergreen), that belongs to the flowering herbs. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 102).[3]

Reinmuth's flowers

Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).[20] (Unusually the Pirola has lent its name to a COVID-19 variant: BA.2.86.[21])

Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Pirola is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid,[4][5] which matches the overall spectral type of the Themis family.[19]: 23 

Rotation period

In 2010, three rotational lightcurves of Pirola were obtained from photometric observations. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 15.85, 15.851 and 15.8525 hours with a brightness amplitude between 0.53 and 0.62 magnitude (U=3-/2/3).[13][14][15]

A 2016-published lightcurve, using modeled photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database, gave a concurring period of 15.8540 hours, as well as two spin axis of (123.0°, −42.0°) and (300.0°, −38.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[16]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Pirola measures between 37.363 and 44.67 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.052 and 0.0867.[8][9][10][11][12][17] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0655 and a diameter of 41.06 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.51.[5]

References

  1. [1]
    "1082 Pirola (1927 UC)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  2. [2]
    "pyrola, pirola". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  3. [3]
    Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1082) Pirola". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 92. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1083. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
  4. [4]
    "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1082 Pirola (1927 UC)" (2017-10-30 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  5. [5]
    "LCDB Data for (1082) Pirola". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  6. [6]
    "Asteroid 1082 Pirola – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  7. [7]
    Zappalà, V.; Bendjoya, Ph.; Cellino, A.; Farinella, P.; Froeschle, C. (1997). "Asteroid Dynamical Families". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-5-DDR-FAMILY-V4.1. Retrieved 4 March 2020.} (PDS main page)
  8. [8]
    Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
  9. [9]
    Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117.
  10. [10]
    Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63.
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    Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8.
  12. [12]
    Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  13. [13]
    Gartrelle, Gordon M. (April 2012). "Lightcurve Results for Eleven Asteroids". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 39 (2): 40%–46. Bibcode:2012MPBu...39...40G. ISSN 1052-8091.
  14. [14]
    Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75.
  15. [15]
    Baker, Ronald E.; Pilcher, Frederick; Benishek, Vladimir (April 2011). "Photometric Observations and Analysis of 1082 Pirola". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (2): 111–114. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..111B. ISSN 1052-8091.
  16. [16]
    Durech, J.; Hanus, J.; Oszkiewicz, D.; Vanco, R. (March 2016). "Asteroid models from the Lowell photometric database". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 587: 6. arXiv:1601.02909. Bibcode:2016A&A...587A..48D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527573.
  17. [17]
    Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
  18. [18]
    "Asteroid 1082 Pirola – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  19. [19]
    Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
  20. [20]
    Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1054) Forsytia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 90. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
  21. [21]
    "What we know about the new COVID strain nicknamed after an asteroid". 19 August 2023 – via www.abc.net.au.
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