William Adamson (1863–1936) was a Scottish politician and chairman of the British Labour Party.

William Adamson may also refer to:

• William Agar Adamson (1800–1868), Canadian clergyman and author
• William Adamson (Wisconsin politician) (1834–1907), American politician
• William C. Adamson (1854–1929), U.S. Representative from Georgia
• William Adamson (Cannock MP) (1881–1945), British Labour politician
• William Adamson (Australian politician) (1858–1924), member of the Victorian Parliament
• Sir William Owen Campbell Adamson (1922–2000), British industrialist
• William Adamson, character in Angels & Insects
• William Stuart Adamson (1958–2001), Scottish guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter

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