Welsh_Seal

Welsh Seal

Welsh Seal

Seal used in Wales

The Welsh Seal (Welsh: Y Sêl Gymreig) is a seal used by the First Minister of Wales to seal letters patent signed by the monarch giving royal assent to bills passed by the Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh: Senedd Cymru). The sealed bill is thereby enacted, becoming an Act of Senedd Cymru.

From the start of Welsh devolution in 1999, a Measure of the National Assembly for Wales was authorised by the crown using the Great Seal of the Realm kept at Westminster. This seal was conceived in England under the reign of Edward the Confessor, allowing an appointed officer to authorise official documents with an impression in wax rather than requiring the signature of the monarch. Under Part 4 of the Government of Wales Act 2006, which was brought into force after a 2011 referendum, the Welsh Assembly (since 2020 the Senedd) was given greater power, to make Acts instead of Measures, using a separate Welsh Seal instead of the Great Seal of the Realm. This was the first Welsh seal to be used since the time of Owain Glyndŵr.[1] The 2006 act also designated the First Minister as "Keeper of the Welsh Seal" (Ceidwad y Sêl Gymreig).[2]

Design

Elizabeth II

The Welsh Seal during the reign of Elizabeth II. The seal includes a dragon and the arms of Llywelyn the Last native Prince of Wales.

The basic form of the seal used during the reign of Elizabeth II was approved by the First Minister of Wales in January 2011.[3] The seal is one-sided and represents both the monarch and the Welsh nation;[4] it also features the Royal Badge of Wales. The final design of the seal was decided on 23 June 2011 by the Royal Mint Advisory Committee on the Design of Coins, Medals, Seals and Decorations, with the advice of the College of Arms. The design was made public in December 2011, following a visit by First Minister Carwyn Jones to the Royal Mint in Llantrisant, where the seal was about to be made.[5] Queen Elizabeth II formally delivered the seal into the custody of the First Minister at a meeting of the Privy Council at Buckingham Palace, London, on 14 December 2011.[6][7][8]

The design featured the following elements:[9]

Charles III

Following the death of Elizabeth II and the ascension of Charles III on 8 September 2022, a new Welsh seal is expected to be struck. On 10 September 2022 it was ordered that "the First Minister of Wales is authorised to make use of the existing Welsh Seal until another Seal be prepared and authorised by His Majesty".[10]

Former seals

Seals were also used by the Welsh princes, prior to the conquest of Wales in 1283. During the Welsh Revolt of 1400–c. 1415, Owain Glyndwr also struck a great seal for Wales and used it to seal official documents such as the Pennal letter to the King of France.[11]

Llywelyn the Great

Seal of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (d. 1240).

The seal of Llywelyn the Great (Llywelyn ap Iorwerth) is dated to 1240. Llywelyn is pictured armoured in surcoat holding a sword in his right hand and a shield on his left arm mounted on horse galloping to the right.[12]

Seals were used as a sign of authenticity of the signatory and a privy seal was sometimes added to the back of the wax seal to ensure further authenticity. Llywelyn ap Iorwerth is known to have used his privy or counter-seal such as in 1230, "sealing the letters with his secret seal because he has not his great seal with him".[13]

Llywelyn the Last

The privy seal of Llywelyn the Last (Llywelyn ap Gruffydd), his wife Eleanor and his brother Dafydd are thought to have been melted down by the English after finding them upon their bodies to make a chalice in 1284.[14]

Archbishop Peckham, in his first letter to Robert Bishop of Bath and Wells dated 17 December 1282 stated "If the king wishes to have the copy [of the list] found in the breeches of Llywelyn, he can have it from Edmund Mortimer, who has custody of it and also of Llywelyn’s privy seal and certain other things found in the same place."[15]

Owain Glyndŵr

Seal (right) and Privy Seal (left) of Owain Glyndŵr as Prince of Wales. The privy seal includes his arms, a crown, flowers with five petals and, as supporters, a lion (possibly crowned) sejeant erect guardant to the dexter and a wyvern-type dragon (ddraig) sejeant erect to the sinister.

Owain Glyndŵr's Great Seal as Prince of Wales included a wyvern-type dragon gules (red) and/or or (gold) on his crest.[16]

The Pennal letter, written by Owain Glyndŵr is currently held in the Archives Nationales in Paris. Facsimile copies involving specialist ageing techniques and moulds of the famous Glyndŵr seal were created by The National Library of Wales which were presented by the then heritage minister Alun Ffred Jones, to six Welsh institutions in 2009.[17] The royal great seal from 1404 was given to Charles IV of France and contains images and Glyndŵr's title – Latin: Owynus Dei Gratia Princeps Walliae – "Owain, by the grace of God, Prince of Wales".[18]

Glyndŵr's Great Seal and a letter handwritten by him to the French in 1406 are in the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris. Six reproductions were made by the National Library of Wales for display in Wales.[19][20]

In 1999 an early day motion was put forward for the return of Glyndŵr seals to Wales, but failed to reach sufficient support to be debated in parliament.[21]

List of Keepers of the Welsh Seal

Main article: List of first ministers of Wales

The Government of Wales Act 2006 designated the First Minister of Wales as Keeper of the Welsh Seal (Ceidwad y Sêl Gymreig).

See also

Wales

Other

References

  1. [1]
    "The Welsh Seal of the National Assembly for Wales" (PDF). senedd.wales. Senedd Cymru. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  2. [2]
    "Government of Wales Act 2006". Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  3. [3]
    "Welsh Government : 'Publications' has moved". wales.gov.uk. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  4. [4]
    "Swansea: The latest news, sport, what's on and business from Swansea and Gower". Thisissouthwales.co.uk. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  5. [5]
    "First Minister sees first Welsh seal since time of Owain Glyndwr - Caerphilly.Observer". Caerphillyobserver.co.uk. 2 December 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  6. [6]
    "Orders Approved by the Privy Council" (PDF). Privycouncil.independent.gov.uk. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  7. [7]
    "What happens next after the assembly powers referendum?". BBC News Online. 5 March 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  8. [8]
    "Signed, sealed, delivered: Queen approves Welsh seal". BBC News Online. 15 December 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
  9. [9]
    "Wales".
  10. [10]
    https://privycouncil.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-09-10-Twelve-Orders-in-Council.pdf
  11. [11]
    "Pennal Letter (with translation of letter)". Canolfan Owain Glyndŵr Centre. 24 July 2012. Archived from the original on 11 December 2020.
  12. [12]
    Wales, Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / The National Library of (9 April 2013), NLW Wynnstay Estate , Ystrad Marchell Charters 58 (seal 1) front, retrieved 25 September 2022
  13. [13]
    Williams, David Henry; Wales, National Museum of (1993). Catalogue of Seals in the National Museum of Wales: Seal dies, Welsh seals, papal bullae. National Museum Wales. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-7200-0381-9.
  14. [14]
    Schofield, Phillipp R.; McEwan, John; New, Elizabeth; Johns, Sue (15 June 2016). Seals and Society: Medieval Wales, the Welsh Marches and their English Border Region. University of Wales Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-78316-872-9.
  15. [15]
    "Cilmeri » Death of Llywelyn". 2 July 2017. Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  16. [16]
    The Land of the Red Dragon. Published jointly by the Girl Guides Association of Wales and the University of Wales Press Board. 1979. p. 70. ISBN 978-0-7083-0716-8.
  17. [17]
    "Pennal letter". library.wales.
  18. [18]
    "Seal of Owain Glyn Dwr". nationalarchives.gov.uk.
  19. [19]
    "Glyndwr letter comes home – as a copy". walesonline.co.uk. 2 April 2013.
  20. [20]
    "Glyndwr letter returns to Wales". bbc.co.uk. 22 March 2000.
  21. [21]
    "Return to Wales of the Artefacts of Owain Glyndwr". UK Parliament. 21 April 1999. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
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