Physical and thermodynamic tables

In the following tables, values are temperature-dependent and to a lesser degree pressure-dependent, and are arranged by state of aggregation (s = solid, lq = liquid, g = gas), which are clearly a function of temperature and pressure. All of the data were computed from data given in "Formulation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for Scientific and General Use" (IAPWS , 1984) (obsolete as of 1995).^[22] This applies to:

• T – temperature in degrees Celsius
• V – specific volume in cubic decimeters per kilogram (1 dm³ is equivalent to 1 liter)
• H – specific enthalpy in kilojoules per kilogram
• U – specific internal energy in kilojoules per kilogram
• S – specific entropy in kilojoules per kilogram-kelvin
• c_p – specific heat capacity at constant pressure in kilojoules per kilogram-kelvin
• γ – Thermal expansion coefficient as 10⁻³ per kelvin
• λ – Heat conductivity in milliwatts per meter-kelvin
• η – Viscosity in micropascal-seconds (1 cP = 1000 μPa·s)
• σ – surface tension in millinewtons per meter (equivalent to dyn/cm)

Saturated vapor pressure

The following table is based on different, complementary sources and approximation formulas, whose values are of various quality and accuracy. The values in the temperature range of −100 °C to 100 °C were inferred from D. Sunday (1982) and are quite uniform and exact. The values in the temperature range of the boiling point of water up to the critical point (100 °C to 374 °C) are drawn from different sources and are substantially less accurate; hence they should be used only as approximate values.^{[23][24][25][26]}

To use the values correctly, consider the following points:

• The values apply only to smooth interfaces and in the absence other gases or gas mixtures such as air. Hence they apply only to pure phases and need a correction factor for systems in which air is present.
• The values were not computed according formulas widely used in the US, but using somewhat more exact formulas (see below), which can also be used to compute further values in the appropriate temperature ranges.
• The saturated vapor pressure over water in the temperature range of −100 °C to −50 °C is only extrapolated [Translator's note: Supercooled liquid water is not known to exist below −42 °C].
• The values have various units (Pa, hPa or bar), which must be considered when reading them.