In enzymology, an ureidoglycolate hydrolase (EC 3.5.3.19) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

(S)-ureidoglycolate + H₂O ${\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }$ glyoxylate + 2 NH₃ + CO₂

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-ureidoglycolate and H₂O, whereas its 3 products are glyoxylate, NH₃, and CO₂.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amidines. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-ureidoglycolate amidohydrolase (decarboxylating). This enzyme participates in purine metabolism.

As of late 2007, 4 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1XSQ, 1XSR, 1YQC, and 2BDR.