Taiwanese_Romanization_System

Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn

Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn

Transcription system


The official romanization system for Taiwanese Hokkien in Taiwan is locally referred to as Tâi-uân Bân-lâm-gí Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn or Taiwan Minnanyu Luomazi Pinyin Fang'an (lit.'Taiwanese Southern Min Romanization Solution'),[upper-roman 1][1] often shortened to Tâi-lô. It is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and since 2006 has been one of the phonetic notation systems officially promoted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education.[2] The system is used in the MoE's Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan. It is nearly identical to Pe̍h-ōe-jī, apart from: using ts tsh instead of ch chh, using u instead of o in vowel combinations such as oa and oe, using i instead of e in eng and ek, using oo instead of , and using nn instead of .

Taiwanese Romanization System
Quick Facts Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese ...

Alphabet

The Taiwanese Romanization System uses 16 basic Latin letters (A, B, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U), 7 digraphs (Kh, Ng, nn, Oo, Ph, Th, Ts) and a trigraph (Tsh). In addition, it uses 6 diacritics to represent tones.

More information Capital letter, Lower case ...
  • "nn" is only used after a vowel to express nasalization, so it only appears capitalized in all-caps texts.
  • Palatalization occurs when "j, s, ts, tsh" are followed by "i", so "ji, si, tsi, tshi" are sometimes governed as trigraphs and tetragraphs.
  • Of the 10 unused basic Latin letters, "R" is sometimes used to express dialectal vowels (somewhat similar to erhua), while the others (C, D, F, Q, V, W, X, Y, Z) are only used in loanwords.

Sample texts

Tâi-lô
Pe̍h-uē-jī (PUJ) sī tsı̍t khuán iōng Latin (Lô-má) phìng-im hē-thóng lâi siá Tâi-uân ê gí-giân ê su-bīn bûn-jī. In-uī tong-tshoo sī thuân-kàu-sū ín--jı̍p-lâi ê, sóo-í ia̍h-ū-lâng kā PUJ kiò-tsò Kàu-huē Lô-má-jī, hı̍k-tsiá sī kán-tshing Kàu-lô. Put-jî-kò hiān-tāi ê sú-iōng-tsiá bē-tsió m̄-sī kàu-tôo, kàu-tôo mā tsin tsē bē-hiáu PUJ.
Pe̍h-ōe-jī
Pe̍h-ōe-jī (POJ) sī chı̍t khoán iōng Latin (Lô-má) phèng-im hē-thóng lâi siá Tâi-ôan ê gí-giân ê su-bīn bûn-jī. In-ūi tong-chho͘ sī thôan-kàu-sū ín--jı̍p-lâi ê, só͘-í ia̍h-ū-lâng kā POJ kiò-chò Kàu-hōe Lô-má-jī, he̍k-chiá sī kán-chheng Kàu-lô. Put-jî-kò hiān-tāi ê sú-iōng-chiá bē-chió m̄-sī kàu-tô͘, kàu-tô͘ mā chin chē bē-hiáu POJ.
Hàn-jī
白話字(POJ)是一款用拉丁(羅馬)拼音系統來寫臺灣的語言的書面文字。因為當初是傳教士引入來的,所以也有人共POJ叫做教會羅馬字,或者是簡稱教羅。不而過現代的使用者袂少毋是教徒,教徒嘛真濟袂曉POJ。
IPA
[peʔued͡ʑi (pi o d͡ʑe) ɕi t͡ɕiʔkʰuan ioŋ latin (loma) pʰiŋim hetʰoŋ lai ɕa taiuan e gigiɛn e subin bund͡ʑi inui toŋt͡sɔ ɕi tʰuankausu ind͡ʑiʔlai e sɔi iaʔulaŋ ka pi o d͡ʑi kiot͡so kauhue lomad͡ʑi hiʔt͡ɕia ɕi kant͡ɕʰiŋ kaulo puʔd͡ʑiko hiɛntai e suioŋt͡ɕia bet͡ɕio m̩ɕi kautɔ kautɔ ma t͡ɕin t͡se behiau pi o d͡ʑi ]

Values

Consonants

More information Bilabial, Alveolar ...
More information Bilabial, Alveolar ...

Vowels & Rhymes

More information Front, Central ...
More information Vowel(s), Open syllabus ...
  • ing pronounced [ɪəŋ], ik pronounced [ɪək̚].

Tones

More information Tone No., Name ...

A hyphen links elements of a compound word. A double hyphen indicates that the following syllable has a neutral tone and therefore that the preceding syllable does not undergo tone sandhi.

More information Licit syllables, Ø ...

Computing

Unicode codepoints

The following are tone characters and their respective Unicode codepoints used in Tâi-lô. The tones used by Tâi-lô should use Combining Diacritical Marks instead of Spacing Modifier Letters used by bopomofo.[4][5] As Tâi-lô is not encoded in Big5, the prevalent encoding used in Traditional Chinese, some Taiwanese Romanization System letters are not directly encoded in Unicode, instead should be typed using combining diacritical marks officially.[6]

More information Base letter/Tone 1, Tone 2 ...

Characters not directly encoded in Unicode requires premade glyphs in fonts in order for applications to correctly display the characters.[5]

Font support

Fonts that currently support POJ includes:

Notes

  1. In version of Ngoo Siu-le [zh], /ɘe/ [ere] is spelled as [oe] while the Phonetic Symbol "ㄜ" is replaced with "".

Words in native languages


References

  1. "Táiwān mǐnnányǔ luómǎzì pīnyīn fāng'àn" 臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案 [Taiwanese Hokkien Romanization Solution] (PDF) (in Traditional Chinese). 2006. Retrieved 20 November 2019 via language.moe.edu.tw.
  2. Táiwān mǐnnányǔ luómǎzì pīnyīn fāng'àn shǐyòng shǒucè 臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案使用手冊 [Practical Manual for the Taiwan Southern Min Romanization System] (PDF) (in Traditional Chinese) (2nd ed.). Ministry of Education (Taiwan). 2008 [first edition 2007]. ISBN 978-986-01-6637-8.
  3. Táiwān mǐnnányǔ luómǎzì pīnyīn fāng'àn shǐyòng shǒucè 臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案使用手冊 [Practical Manual for the Taiwan Southern Min Romanization System] (PDF) (in Traditional Chinese). Ministry of Education (Taiwan). 2007. ISBN 978-986-00-7755-1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-18. Retrieved 2014-06-23.
  4. aiongg (2020-11-22). "aiongg/POJFonts". GitHub - POJ Fonts. Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  5. Tseng Gorong (2019-01-11). "談金萱的台羅變音符號設計". justfont blog (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  6. "FAQ - Characters and Combining Marks". unicode.org. Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2020-12-02.
  7. "Fonts version 3.006 (OTF, TTF, WOFF, WOFF2, Variable)". GitHub. Adobe Systems Incorporated. 2010-09-06. Archived from the original on 2020-12-24. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
  8. Iûⁿ, Ún-giân (2009). Processing Techniques for Written Taiwanese – Tone Sandhi and POS Tagging (PhD). National Taiwan University. p. 20. OCLC 367595113.

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