General uses

Set phrases

There are many set phrases in English which feature postpositive adjectives. They are often loans or loan translations from foreign languages that commonly use postpositives, especially French (many legal terms come from Law French). Some examples appear below:

• In culinary arts with foods, drinks, and recipes: spaghetti bolognese; chicken korma, satay, or supreme; whiskey sour;
• In Christianity and translations of similar Abrahamic religious concepts: Christ/love/life everlasting, the devil/evil incarnate, God Almighty
• In law: actus reus and mens rea, court-martial, fee simple, force majeure, locus classicus, malice aforethought (also malice prepense), persona non grata
• In some set phrases: battle royal, body corporate, body politic, corporation sole, fee tail, heir apparent, heir presumptive, knight errant, letters patent,^[2] letters testamentary, persons unknown, pound sterling, proof positive, times/centuries past, to trip the light fantastic, time immemorial, treasure trove^[3]
• In professional or honorary titles: ambassador-designate,^[4] bishop emeritus, pope emeritus, professor emeritus, attorney general, consul general, governor general, postmaster general, surgeon general, astronomer royal, princess royal, airman basic, minister plenipotentiary, minister-president, notary public,^[5] poet laureate, president-elect, prime minister-designate, prince regent, secretary-general, sergeant major, queen consort, queen regnant, prince consort, directorate-general, director-general, etc.
• In heraldry: with the words "dexter" and "sinister" (as in bend dexter, bend sinister), and several referring to attitude, as in eagle displayed, lion passant guardant, griffin rampant, phoenix rising, bird vigilant, etc.
• In certain set names of organizations: Alcoholics Anonymous, Amnesty International, Archive Global, Church Universal and Triumphant, Generation Next, Japan Airlines Domestic, Ruritan National, Situationist International, Socialist International, Weather Underground, Workers United
• In hospital emergency codes: Code Amber, Code Black, Code Orange, Code Red
• Regnal numbers and other appellations, usually including the definite article before the adjective: Henry the Eighth, Elizabeth the Second, Alexander the Great, Ethelred the Unready, Nero Redivivus etc. Note also the generational titles Junior and Senior used to distinguish namesake parents and children.
• In terms kept in the original French language: agent provocateur, cause célèbre, femme fatale^[6]

Set adjectives

Certain individual adjectives, or words of adjectival type, are typically placed after the noun. Their use is not limited to particular noun(s). Those beginning a before an old substantive word can be equally seen as adverbial modifiers (or nouns/pronouns), intuitively expected to be later (see below).

• à gogo — as in "fun and games à gogo"
• ablaze — as in "buildings ablaze"
• abreast — as in "two penguins abreast"
• akimbo— as in "arms akimbo"
• aplenty — as in "food aplenty"
• emeritus — as in "a bishop emeritus"
• extraordinaire — as in "athlete extraordinaire"
• galore — as in "roses and tulips galore"
• incarnate — as in "demons incarnate"
• junior/Jr. (when used as a name suffix) — as in "Martin Luther King Jr."
• manqué/manquée — as in "a hero manqué"
• regnant — as in "the queen regnant"
• redivivus — as in "Emperor Nero redivivus"
• redux — as in "the Cold War redux"
• senior/Sr. or (when used as a name suffix) — as in "Barack Obama Sr."

Archaic and poetic usage

Phrases with postpositive adjectives are sometimes used with archaic effect, as in things forgotten, words unspoken, dreams believed, Flame Imperishable. Phrases which reverse the normal word order are quite common in poetry, usually to fit the meter or rhyme, as with "fiddlers three" (from Old King Cole) or "forest primeval" (from Evangeline), though word order was less important in Early Modern English and earlier forms of English. Similar examples exist for possessive adjectives, as in "O Mistress Mine" (a song in Act II, Scene 3 of Shakespeare's Twelfth Night).

Titles of works

Titles of books, films, poems, songs, etc. commonly feature nouns followed by postpositive adjectives. These are often present or past participles (see above), but other types of adjectives sometimes occur. Examples: Apocalypse Now Redux, "Bad Moon Rising", Body Electric, Brideshead Revisited, Chicken Little, Chronicle of a Death Foretold, A Dream Deferred, Hannibal Rising, Hercules Unchained, House Beautiful, Jupiter Ascending, The Life Aquatic, A Love Supreme, The Matrix Reloaded, Monsters Unleashed, Orpheus Descending, Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Prometheus Unbound, "The Road Not Taken", Sonic Unleashed, To a God Unknown, Tarzan Triumphant, Time Remembered, The World Unseen, Enemy Mine.

Other postpositive noun modifiers

Nouns may have other modifiers besides adjectives. Some kinds of modifiers tend to precede the noun, while others tend to come after. Determiners (including articles, possessives, demonstratives, etc.) come before the noun. Noun adjuncts (nouns qualifying another noun) also generally come before the nouns they modify: in a phrase like book club, the adjunct (modifier) book comes before the head (modified noun) club. By contrast, prepositional phrases, adverbs of location, etc., as well as relative clauses, come after the nouns they modify: the elephant in the room; all the people here; the woman to whom you spoke. (These remarks apply to English syntax; other languages may use different word order. In Chinese, for example, virtually all modifiers come before the noun, whereas in the Khmer language they follow the noun.)

Sometimes a noun with a postpositive modifier comes to form a set phrase, similar in some ways to the set phrases with postpositive adjectives referred to above (in that, for example, the plural ending will normally attach to the noun, rather than at the end of the phrase). Some such phrases include:

• With a noun followed by a prepositional phrase: mother-in-law, etc.; editor-in-chief, right of way, president pro tempore (where pro tempore is a Latin prepositional phrase), fish filet deluxe (where de luxe is a French prepositional phrase)
• With an infinitive verb or a verb phrase: father-to-be, bride-to-be, etc.; Johnny-come-lately
• With an adverbial particle from a phrasal verb: passer-by, hanger-on

In some phrases, a noun adjunct appears postpositively (rather than in the usual prepositive position). Examples include Knights Hospitaller, Knights Templar, man Friday (or girl Friday, etc.), airman first class (also private first class, sergeant first class), as well as many names of foods and dishes, such as Bananas Foster, beef Wellington, broccoli raab, Cherries Jubilee, Chicken Tetrazzini, Crêpe Suzette, Eggs Benedict, Oysters Rockefeller, peach Melba, steak tartare, and duck a l'orange.

Identifying numbers (with or without the word number), and sometimes letters, appear after the noun in many contexts. Examples are Catch-22; warrant officer one, chief warrant officer two, etc.; Beethoven's Symphony No. 9; Call of Duty Three, Rocky Four, Shrek the Third, Generation Y. (For appellations such as "Henry the Fourth", often written "Henry IV", see above.)

Other common cases where modifiers follow a head noun include:

• Phrases like the Brothers Grimm and the Sisters Rosensweig (although in ordinary cases the phrasing "the Brown brothers" is more common)
• Names of military operations and equivalent, such as Operation Barbarossa, Operation Desert Storm, etc.
• Names of scientific projects and the like, such as Project Daedalus, Project Echo
• The adjective "adjacent" is occasionally used postpositive to signify a conceptual and vague relation, such as "politics adjacent".^[7]

Plurals of expressions with postpositives

In the plural forms of expressions with postpositive adjectives or other postpositive modifiers, the pluralizing morpheme (most commonly the suffix -s or -es) is added after the noun, rather than after the entire phrase. For instance, the plural form of town proper is towns proper, that of battle royal is battles royal, that of attorney general is attorneys general, that of bride-to-be is brides-to-be, and that of passer-by is passers-by. See also Plurals of French compounds.

With some such expressions, there is a tendency (by way of regularization) to add the plural suffix to the end of the whole expression. This is usually regarded by prescriptive grammarians as an error. Examples are *queen consorts (where queens consort is considered the correct form) and *court-martials (where the accepted plural is courts-martial, although court-martials can be used as a third person present tense verb form).

This rule does not necessarily apply to phrases with postpositives that have been rigidly fixed into names and titles. For example, an English speaker might say "Were there two separate Weather Undergrounds by the 1970s, or just one single organization?". Other phrases remain as they are because they intrinsically use a plural construction (and have no singular form), such as eggs Benedict, nachos supreme, Brothers Grimm, Workers United.