Polák (feminine Poláková) is a surname meaning "a Pole". Notable people with the surname include:

• Elena Moskalová-Poláková (born 1948), Czech volleyball player
• Jakub Polák (anarchist) (1952–2012), Czech anarchist and Roma rights activist
• Jan Polák (born 1981), Czech international footballer
• Jan Polák (defender) (born 1989), Czech footballer
• Katarína Poláková (born 1979), Slovak basketball player
• Marta Poláková (born 1934), Czech chess master
• Michal Polák (disambiguation), several persons
• Roman Polák (born 1986), Czech ice hockey player
• Vojtěch Polák (born 1985), Czech ice hockey player

• Polack (disambiguation)
• Polak
• Polášek
• Poliakoff
• Pollack (surname)
• Pollak
• Polyakov