Polish_Braille

Polish Braille

Polish Braille

Braille alphabet of the Polish language


Polish Braille (alfabet Braille'a) is a braille alphabet for writing the Polish language. It is based on international braille conventions, with the following extensions:[1]

More information Base letter, Derived letter ...
Quick Facts Polish Braille, Script type ...

That is, for letters of the first and second decade of the braille script (a, c, e, l, n, s), a diacritic is written as dot 6, and any dot 3 is removed (or, equivalently, is moved to position 6)—that is, the base letter is moved to the fourth decade. For letters of the third decade (u, y, z), which already have a dot 6, the derivation is a mirror image. Ó is derived from u, which is how it is pronounced (also, the mirror image of o is already taken). Several of these conventions are used in Lithuanian Braille.

History

Some form of a Braille alphabet had been adapted to the Polish language by 1957.[2]

Alphabet

The full alphabet is this:

⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
a
⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
ą
⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
b
⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
c
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
ć
⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
d
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
e
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)
ę
⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
f
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
g
⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
h
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
i
⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
j
⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
k
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
l
⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)
ł
⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
m
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
n
⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)
ń
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
o
⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)
ó
⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)
p
⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
r
⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
s
⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)
ś
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
t
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
u
⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)
w
⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
y
⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)
z
⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)
ż
⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)
ź

Print digraphs in z are written as two letters in braille as well: cz, rz, sz.

Punctuation

⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
,
⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
.   '[3]
⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)
 ;
⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
 :
⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)
 ?
⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)
 !
⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
-  
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
@
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
*
⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)
/
⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)
\
⠈ (braille pattern dots-4) ⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)
#
⠢ (braille pattern dots-26) ⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)
⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) ⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
 %
⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456) ⠚ (braille pattern dots-245) ⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) ⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
°
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) ⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)
$
⠈ (braille pattern dots-4) ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
¢
⠈ (braille pattern dots-4) ⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
⠈ (braille pattern dots-4) ⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
⠘ (braille pattern dots-45) ⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
©
⠘ (braille pattern dots-45) ⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
Paired punctuation
⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) ...⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
“ ... ”
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) ⠦ (braille pattern dots-236) ...⠴ (braille pattern dots-356) ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
‘ ... ’
⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) ...⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)
( ... )
⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356) ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) ...⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) ⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)
{ ... } (?)[4]
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356) ...⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
[ ... ]
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356) ⠄ (braille pattern dots-3) ...⠠ (braille pattern dots-6) ⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
...

Formatting

⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
(cap)
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)
(l.c.)
⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)
(emph.)

References

  1. "Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych". Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  2. Morrissey, Patrick (October 1957). "Reading Braille in Foreign Languages". The Modern Language Journal. 41 (6): 266. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1957.tb01695.x. JSTOR 321522.
  3. And thus for ellipsis.
  4. It is not clear which brackets these are. In Polish, their name is nawias wydzielający, a phrase that refers specifically to these braille characters.

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This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Polish_Braille, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.