Phofsit_Daibuun

Phofsit Daibuun

Phofsit Daibuun

Orthography in the Latin alphabet for Taiwanese Hokkien


Phofsit Daibuun (PSDB) (普實臺文) is an orthography in the Latin alphabet for Taiwanese Hokkien based on Modern Literal Taiwanese. It is able to use the ASCII character set to indicate the proper variation of pitch without any subsidiary scripts or diacritic symbols.

Phonology

Consonants[1]
  DentalAlveolo-palatalBilabial AlveolarVelarGlottal
Plosive voicelessunaspiration  pdk' ([ʔ])
aspiration  phtq 
voicedunaspiration  b g 
Affricate voicelessunaspirationzc    
aspirationzhch    
voicedunaspiration j    
Fricative voicelessunaspirationssi    
aspiration     h
Nasalvoicedunaspiration  m/vnng/v 
Lateralvoicedunaspiration   l  

Nasalized syllables are indicated by "v" preceding the syllable nucleus. Except for b, j, l, which do not precede nasalized vowels, and m and n, which are already nasals.

Normalcchdghkpphqstzzhø
Nasalizedcvchvdvgvhvkvpvphvqvsvtvzvzhvv
Example爭(cvy)星(chvy)鄭(dve)硬(gve)耳(hvi)件(kvia)病(pve)鼻(phvi)扲(qvii)漬(svi)縫(tvi)濺(zvoa)青(zhvef)院(vi)
Vowels[2]
 FrontCentralBack
Closei u
Close-mide oi(2)
Mid oi(1) 
Open-mid  o
Opena  

Regarding the pronunciation of "oi":

Tone spellings

  • The table below shows the spelling of the basic tone (7) mid tone, and the four sub-tones (1) high, (5) rising, (3) low falling/low, (2) falling/high falling
  • (') indicates a changed tone
  • (**) indicates a tone that does not exist in standard Taiwanese

Monophthongs

a (ha)夏af 阿aa (gaa)牙ax (pax)豹ar (kar)絞
i 異y 伊ii 姨ix 意ie 椅
u 有w 污uu (guu)牛ux 熨uo 羽
e 下ef (qef)溪(qef)ee 的ex (kex)嫁ea 矮
o 芋of 黑oo 湖ox (tox)兔or 挖
oi (goi)餓oy 渦ooi 蚵oix 奧oir 襖
ng (hng)遠ngf 秧ngg 黃ngx 怏ngr 阮
m 毋mf' (mfpooi)姆婆mm 蕾mx' (mxsi)不是mr 姆

Diphthongs

ai (dai)代ay 哀aai (daai)台aix 愛ae 藹
au 後aw 歐aau 喉aux 懊ao (kao)狗
ia 夜iaf 埃iaa 爺iax 厭iar 野
iau 耀iaw 邀iaau 姚iaux (tiaux)跳iao (ciao)鳥
ioi (bioi)廟ioy 腰iooi 搖ioix (kioix)叫ioir (cioir)少
iu 柚iw 憂iuu 油iux 幼iuo 友
oa (doa)大oaf (koaf)歌oaa (zoaa)蛇oax (hoax)化oar (zoar)紙
oai (hoai)壞oay (koay)乖oaai (hoaai)懷oaix (koaix)怪oae (koae)拐
oe 話oef 鍋oee 唯oex (hoex)貨oea 挖
ui 位uy 威uii 圍uix 畏uie 委

Nasal finals

an (han)限afn 安aan 緊axn 案arn (karn)簡
ang (bang)網afng 翁aang 紅axng 甕arng (karng)講
am 頷afm 醃aam 涵axm 暗arm 洝
eng 用efng 鷹eeng 閒exng 應erng 泳
iam 艷iafm 閹iaam 鹽iaxm 厭iarm 掩
iang 恙iafng 央iaang 陽iaxng 泱iarng 養
ien 沿iefn 煙ieen 鉛iexn 宴iern 演
in 胤yn 因iin 云ixn 印irn 引
im (dim)燉ym 音iim 淫ixm 蔭irm 飲
iong 用iofng 央ioong 容ioxng 擁iorng 勇
oan 緩oafn 冤oaan 完oaxn 怨oarn 遠
ong 旺ofng 汪oong 王oxng 罋orng 往
un 運wn 溫uun 勻uxn 搵urn 隱
om' 掩'埋ofm 掩oom**oxm (doxm)頓orm' (dorm)頓'頭

Checked syllables

  • # symbol represents characters used for their meaning, rather than their pronunciation
Monophthong
LabialDentalVelarOpen
Lowab 壓ad 握ag 渥aq 鴨
Highap 盒at (bat)密ak (bak)目ah (tah)疊
Lowib 揖id 壹ig**iq (tiq)鐵
Highip 佾it 軼ik**ih 胰
Lowub**ud 熨ug**uq (duq)拄
Highup**ut (kut)滑uk**uh (duh)刺
Loweb**ed**eg 億eq (keq)格
Highep**et**eh 狹
Lowob (lob)#踏od**og 惡oq (moq)漏平
Highop (lop'lob)ot**ok (dok)獨oh (moh)膜
Lowoib**oid**oig**oiq #慢
Highoip**oit**oik**oih 學
Diphthong
iab #掩藏ied 謁iag (siag)摔iaq 扼
iap 葉iet 搧iak (diak)彈iah 頁
oad #轉iogauq (kauq)輾
oat 悅iok 育auh (bauh)貿
iuq (kiuq)縮iauq (hiauq)剝
iuh' (kiuh)縮iauh (hiauh)剝
oaq (koaq)割ioiq #猜oeq (hoeq)血uiq (huiq)血
oah 活ioih 藥oeh 劃uih 劃

Rarely used vowels

More information Vowel, Example ...

PSDB examples

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

More information PSDB, English ...

PSDB Greetings

More information PSDB, Translation ...

Comparison chart

Vowels
IPAaapatakãɔɔkɔ̃əoeiiɛniəŋ
Pe̍h-ōe-jīaapatakahaⁿokoⁿooeeⁿiianeng
Revised TLPAaapatakahaNoookooNooeeNiianing
TLPAaapatakahannoookoonnooeenniianing
BPaapatakahnaoooknooooeneiianing
MLTaab/apad/atag/akaq/ahvaoog/okvoøøeveiieneng
DTaāp/apāt/atāk/akāh/ahann/aⁿookonn/oⁿororeenn/eⁿiian/ening
Taiwanese kanaアアアㇷ゚アッアㇰアァアアオオオㇰオオオオヲヲエエエエイイイェヌイェン
Extended bopomofoㄚㆴㄚㆵㄚㆶㄚㆷㆦㆶㄧㄢㄧㄥ
Tâi-lôaapatakahannoookonnooeenniianing
Example (traditional Chinese)













Example (simplified Chinese)













Vowels
IPAiəkĩaiauamɔmɔŋŋ̍uuaueuaiuanɨ(i)ũ
Pe̍h-ōe-jīekiⁿaiaiⁿauamommongnguoaoeoaioani(i)uⁿ
Revised TLPAikiNaiaiNauamommongnguuaueuaiuanir(i)uN
TLPAikinnaiainnauamommongnguuaueuaiuanir(i)unn
BPikniainaiauamommongnguuaueuaiuanin(i)u
MLTeg/ekviaivaiauamommongnguoaoeoaioaniv(i)u
DTikinn/iⁿaiainn/aiⁿauamommongnguuaueuaiuani(i)unn/uⁿ
Taiwanese kanaイェㇰイイアイアイアウアムオムオンウウヲアヲエヲァイヲァヌウウウウ
Extended bopomofoㄧㆶㄨㄚㄨㆤㄨㄞㄨㄢ
Tâi-lôikinnaiainnauamommongnguuaueuaiuanir(i)unn
Example (traditional Chinese)














Example (simplified Chinese)














Consonants
IPApbmtnlkɡhtɕiʑitɕʰiɕitsdztsʰs
Pe̍h-ōe-jīpbphmtthnnnglkgkhhchijichhisichjchhs
Revised TLPApbphmtthnnnglkgkhhzijicisizjcs
TLPApbphmtthnnnglkgkhhzijicisizjcs
BPbbbpbbdtnlnglgggkhzilicisizlcs
MLTpbphmtthnnnglkgkhhcijichisizjzhs
DTbbhpmdtnnnglgghkhzircisizrcs
Taiwanese kanaパアバアパ̣アマアタアタ̣アナアヌンラアカアガアカ̣アハアチイジイチ̣イシイザアサ̣サア
Extended bopomofoㄋㆭ
Tâi-lôpbphmtthnnnglkgkhhtsijitshisitsjtshs
Example (traditional Chinese)




















Example (simplified Chinese)




















More information Tone name, Yin level 陰平(1) ...

Notes


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