Miriai

Miriai

Miriai

Character in Mandaean religious scripture

Miriai or Meryey (Classical Mandaic: ࡌࡉࡓࡉࡀࡉ) was a Jewish woman who converted to Mandaeism in Mandaean scriptures. Miriai is one of the most important figures in the Mandaean Book of John, which contains detailed stories and speeches of Miriai in chapters 34 and 35. Miriai lived in a Jewish village next to a Mandaean village in Palestine around the first century CE.[1] According to the Mandaean Book of John, she was a contemporary of Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist.[2]

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Story

In Mandaean scriptures such as the Mandaean Book of John, Miriai criticizes the Jewish religious tradition from which she had come from while extolling the virtues of Mandaeism.[2] Miriai is considered to have descended from "priest-kings" of Judea, and one of her duties was to clean the Jewish temple.[3] Due to her conversion to Mandaeism and lateness in getting home, Miriai's father condemns her and calls her a prostitute.[4] Ultimately, Miriai is depicted as a Mandaean priest and teacher.[3]

The Mandaean Book of John often mentions Miriai together with Enišbai (Elizabeth), the mother of John the Baptist, as two holy women who lived in the vicinity of Jerusalem.[5]

In other religions

The Mandaic name Miriai is cognate with the Hebrew name Miriam. Miriai may ultimately be linked to Mary, the mother of Jesus, but the Mandaean story of Miriai is not apparently related to any stories in the canonical Christian gospels.[1] However, in the extracanonical Protoevangelion of James, which remained important to Orthodox Christians and had a significant impact on Catholic Mariology, the story is strikingly similar to that of Miriai in the Mandaean Book of John. Both are contemporaries of and associated with Elizabeth, both are young women who stem from important Judean families and both are placed as young virgins to serve in the Second Temple. Later in the story, both are accused of adultery and both defend themselves before the priests, with both of them denying they had committed adultery with a man. Moreover, in both the stories, parallels between birds on the one hand and Miriai and Mary on the other are made.

According to Charles G. Häberl, Christians identify Miriai with Mary, the mother of Jesus. Muslims identify Miriai with Miriam, older sister of Moses. Mandaeans do not identify both Mary and Miriam as being Miriai, insisting that she was a different woman bearing the same name.[6] Some identify Miriai with Mary Magdalene.[7]

See also

References

  1. [1]
    Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515385-5. OCLC 65198443.
  2. [2]
    Häberl, Charles (2020). The Mandaean Book of John: critical edition, translation, and commentary. Berlin Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-048651-3. OCLC 1129155601.
  3. [3]
    McGrath, James F.,"Reading the Story of Miriai on Two Levels: Evidence from Mandaean Anti-Jewish Polemic about the Origins and Setting of Early Mandaeism".ARAM Periodical / (2010): 583–592.
  4. [4]
    Deutsch, Nathanial. The Date Palm and the Wellspring: Mandaeism and Jewish Mysticism. ARAM, 11-12 (1999-2000), 209-223
  5. [5]
    Gelbert, Carlos (2017). The Teachings of the Mandaean John the Baptist. Fairfield, NSW, Australia: Living Water Books. ISBN 9780958034678. OCLC 1000148487.
  6. [6]
    Häberl, Charles G. (2022). Kaplan, Jonathan; Pat-El, Na'ama (eds.). "Meryey, Standing at the Boundary, in Zimrat JAH: A Tribute to Jo Anne Hackett". Maarav. 25 (1–2). Rolling Hills Estates, CA: Western Academic Press: 65–89.
  7. [7]
    Häberl, Charles (8 December 2020). "Meryey, Standing at the Boundary". YouTube. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
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