Luxembourg

Luxembourg (/ˈlʌksəmbɜːrɡ/ (listen) LUK-səm-burg;[9] Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuerg [ˈlətsəbuəɕ] (listen); French: Luxembourg; German: Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg,[lower-alpha 3] is a small landlocked country in Western Europe. It borders Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembourg,[10] is one of the four institutional seats of the European Union (together with Brussels, Frankfurt, and Strasbourg) and the seat of several EU institutions, notably the Court of Justice of the European Union, the highest judicial authority.[11][12] Luxembourg's culture, people, and languages are highly intertwined with its French and German neighbors; while Luxembourgish is legally the only national language of the Luxembourgish people,[13] French and German are also used in administrative and judicial matters and all three are considered administrative languages of the country.[13]

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish) Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (French) Großherzogtum Luxemburg (German)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn" (Luxembourgish) "Nous voulons rester ce que nous sommes" (French) "Wir wollen bleiben, was wir sind" (German) "We want to remain what we are"
Anthem: "Ons Heemecht" ("Our Homeland") Royal anthem: "De Wilhelmus"^a
Location of Luxembourg (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark gray) – in the European Union (green)
Capital and largest city	Luxembourg[1] 49°48′52″N 06°07′54″E
Official languages	National languages: Luxembourgish Administrative languages: Luxembourgish French German[lower-alpha 1]
Nationality (2017)	50.9% Luxembourgers 18.2% Portuguese 13.5% French 10.3% Germans 7.1% Other

Religion (2018[2])	73.2% Christianity 63.8% Catholicism 9.4% Other Christian 23.4% No religion 3.2% Other
Demonym(s)	Luxembourger Luxembourgish
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy

• Grand Duke	Henri
• Prime Minister	Xavier Bettel
• Co-Deputy Prime Ministers	François Bausch Paulette Lenert

Legislature	Chamber of Deputies
Independence

• from the French Empire and elevation to Grand Duchy of Luxembourg	15 March 1815
• Independence in personal Union with the Netherlands (Treaty of London)	19 April 1839
• Reaffirmation of Independence Treaty of London	11 May 1867
• End of personal union with the Kingdom of the Netherlands	23 November 1890
• Occupation during World War I by the German Empire	1 August 1914
• Liberation from the Greater German Reich	1944 / 1945
• Admitted to the United Nations	24 October 1945
• Founded the EEC[lower-alpha 2]	1 January 1958

Area
• Total	2,586.4 km² (998.6 sq mi) (168th)
• Water (%)	0.23 (2015)[3]
Population
• January 2022 estimate	645,397[4] (168th)
• 2022 census	645,397 [5]
• Density	242/km² (626.8/sq mi) (58th)
GDP (PPP)	2022 estimate
• Total	$90.532 billion[6] (98th)
• Per capita	$140,694[6] (1st)
GDP (nominal)	2022 estimate
• Total	$86.898 billion[6] (71st)
• Per capita	$135,046[6] (3rd)
Gini (2019)	32.3[7] medium
HDI (2021)	0.930[8] very high · 17th
Currency	Euro (€) (EUR)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
	Note: Although Luxembourg is located in Western European Time/UTC (Z) zone, since 1 June 1904, LMT (UTC+0:24:36) was abandoned and Central European Time/UTC+1 was adopted as standard time, with a +0:35:24 offset (+1:35:24 during DST) from Luxembourg City's LMT.
Date format	dd.mm.yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	+352
ISO 3166 code	LU
Internet TLD	.lu^b
Not the same as the Het Wilhelmus of the Netherlands. The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. ^ "Field Listing – Distribution of family income – Gini index". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 3 May 2013.

Interactive map showing the border of Luxembourg

With an area of 2,586 square kilometers (998 sq mi), Luxembourg is one of the smallest countries in Europe,[14] and the smallest not considered a microstate. In 2022, it had a population of 645,397, which makes it one of the least-populated countries in Europe,[15] albeit with the highest population growth rate;[16] foreigners account for nearly half the population.[17] Luxembourg is a representative democracy headed by a constitutional monarch, Grand Duke Henri, making it the world's only remaining sovereign grand duchy.

Luxembourg is a developed country with an advanced economy and one of the world's highest GDP (PPP) per capita. The city of Luxembourg was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 due to the exceptional preservation of its vast fortifications and historic quarters.[18]

Luxembourg is a founding member of the European Union,[19] OECD, the United Nations, NATO, and the Benelux.[20][21] It served on the United Nations Security Council for the first time in 2013 and 2014.[22] As of 2022, Luxembourg citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 189 countries and territories, ranking the Luxembourgish passport fourth in the world, tied with Finland and Italy.[23]

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