List_of_voting_systems

List of electoral systems

List of electoral systems

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An electoral system (or voting system) is a set of rules that determine how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined.

Some electoral systems elect a single winner (single candidate or option), while others elect multiple winners, such as members of parliament or boards of directors.

The study of formally defined electoral methods is called social choice theory or voting theory, and this study can take place within the field of political science, economics, or mathematics, and specifically within the subfields of game theory and mechanism design.

List of electoral systems by types

Key

  • Name (abbr.) and other names of the system (other names that may sometimes refer to other systems)
  • Type of representation: the most common division of electoral systems
  • Mixed system (yes/no)
  • Single-winner/multiple winner system
  • List / candidate (personal election) based system
  • Decision rule
    • Plurality (candidates with most votes win)
    • Majority (candidates must receive support at least half of voters)
    • Quota (candidates must at least reach the quota)
  • Type of ballot
    • single choice
    • multiple choice
    • cumulative (more than one vote for one candidate possible)
    • ranked (ordinal voting)
    • score (cardinal voting)
  • Number of votes/voter
  • Number of tiers: number of levels e.g. local, regional, state, national

Systems

More information Name(s), Variations ...

List of electoral systems used for national elections

Main article: List of electoral systems by country
More information Electoral system for national legislatures (lower house or unicameral) ...

See also

References

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    George Howatt, Democratic Representation under the Hare-Clark System – The Need for Seven-Member Electorates
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    Brams, Steven; Fishburn, Peter (1978). "Approval Voting". American Political Science Review. 72 (3): 831–847. doi:10.2307/1955105. JSTOR 1955105. S2CID 251092061.
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    "Parallel —". aceproject.org. Archived from the original on 2022-04-27. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
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    "Additional-member system: Politics". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  12. [12]
    Bochsler, D (2014). "Which mixed-member proportional electoral formula fits you best? Assessing the proportionality principle of positive vote transfer systems". Representation. 50: 113–127. doi:10.1080/00344893.2014.902222. S2CID 153691414.
  13. [13]
    Golosov, G. V. (2013). "The Case for Mixed Single Vote Electoral Systems". The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies.
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    Graham, Sean (April 4, 2016). "Dual-Member Mixed Proportional: A New Electoral System for Canada". doi:10.7939/r3-qppp-b676. Archived from the original on December 4, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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