List_of_traditional_titles_borne_by_the_Heads_of_State_of_Nigeria
Nigeria operates a two-tier honours system. Whereas the national honours of Nigeria are within the gift of the Federal Government itself, titles in the Nigerian chieftaincy system fall under the purview of the monarchs of the sub-national traditional states of the country. A number of the Heads of State that have served since Independence in 1960 have therefore held such traditional titles, either due to their hereditary background or to their personal achievement.[1]
The succession to the Nigerian throne was the same as the succession to the British one.
| Queen of Nigeria | Reign | Royal House | Title | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Start | End | Duration | ||
| 1 | _(cropped)_(3-to-4_aspect_ratio).jpg) |
Elizabeth II (1926–2022) |
1 October 1960 | 1 October 1963 | 3 years | Windsor | Although the Queen's official title in Nigeria was "Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Nigeria and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth",[2] she didn't formally receive any Nigerian traditional titles. Her official style as Queen of Nigeria was often translated into the national languages of the country during her reign, however (for example, Yoruba: Oba Obirin ti Ile Naijiria).[3] |
Governor-General
The Governor-General was the representative of the monarch in Nigeria and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The Governor-General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the monarch.
| Governor-General | Term of office | Monarch | Title | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Name (birth–death) |
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||
| 1 | Sir James Robertson (1899–1983) |
1 October 1960 | 16 November 1960 | 46 days | Elizabeth II | No traditional title known. |
| 2 | Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe (1904–1996) |
16 November 1960 | 1 October 1963 | 2 years, 319 days | Elizabeth II | Dr. Azikiwe was the Oziziani Obi of Onitsha, this being a personal chieftaincy title. He would later receive a hereditary title after leaving office.[4][5] |
First Republic (1963–1966)
Under the 1963 Constitution, the first constitution of the Republic of Nigeria, Nigeria ran the parliamentary system of government with a prime minister and the President replacing the monarch as ceremonial head of state.
| President | Term of office | Political party | Title | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||
| 1 | Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe (1904–1996) |
1 October 1963 | 16 January 1966 | 2 years, 107 days | National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons | Dr. Azikiwe was the Oziziani Obi of Onitsha.[6] | |
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In 1966, Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu led a bloody coup d'état which overthrew the First Nigerian Republic.
| Head of state | Term of office | Military | Title | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||
| 2 | Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi (1924–1966) |
16 January 1966 | 29 July 1966 (assassinated.) |
194 days | Federal Military Government | No traditional title known | |
| 3 | General Yakubu Gowon (born 1934) |
1 August 1966 | 29 July 1975 (deposed.) |
8 years, 362 days | Federal Military Government | No traditional title known | |
| 4 | General Murtala Mohammed (1938–1976) |
29 July 1975 | 13 February 1976 (assassinated.) |
199 days | Federal Military Government | No traditional title known (although General Mohammed's mother was a member of the Jobawa clan, a Kano dynasty that provides the Makama of Kano on a hereditary basis)[7][8] | |
| 5 | General Olusegun Obasanjo (born 1937) |
13 February 1976 | 1 October 1979 (resigned.) |
3 years, 230 days | Federal Military Government | No traditional title at the time | |
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Second Republic (1979–1983)
Under the 1979 Constitution, the second constitution of the Republic of Nigeria, the President was head of both state and government.
| President | Term of office | Political party | Elected | Title | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||
| 6 | Alhaji Shehu Shagari (1925–2018) |
1 October 1979 | 31 December 1983 (deposed.) |
4 years, 91 days | National Party of Nigeria | 1979 1983 |
In addition to a variety of other chieftaincy titles, Alhaji Shagari held that of the Turaki of Sokoto.[9] | |
Major-General Muhammadu Buhari led a coup d'état which overthrew President Shagari and his government.
| Head of state | Term of office | Military | Title | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||
| 7 | Major General Muhammadu Buhari (born 1942) |
31 December 1983 | 27 August 1985 (deposed.) |
1 year, 239 days | Supreme Military Council | No traditional title at the time | |
| 8 | General Ibrahim Babangida (born 1941) |
27 August 1985 | 26 August 1993 (resigned.) |
7 years, 364 days | Armed Forces Ruling Council | No traditional title known | |
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Interim National Government (1993)
Following the annulment of the 1993 Nigerian presidential election which terminated the transition to the Third Nigerian Republic, General Babangida resigned from office. He signed a decree establishing the Interim National Government led by Chief Ernest Shonekan.
| President | Term of office | Political party (at time of start of term) |
Title | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||
| 9 | Chief Ernest Shonekan (1936–2022) |
26 August 1993 | 17 November 1993 (deposed.) |
83 days | Independent | In addition to a variety of other chieftaincy titles, Chief Shonekan held that of the Abese of Egbaland.[10] | |
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In November 1993, General Sani Abacha overthrew the interim government, and ruled the country with an iron fist thereafter. In 1998, following Abacha's death, General Abdulsalami Abubakar became head of state and ushered in the Fourth Nigerian Republic.
| Head of state | Term of office | Military | Title | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) |
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||
| 10 | General Sani Abacha (1943–1998) |
17 November 1993 | 8 June 1998 (died in office.) |
4 years, 203 days | Provisional Ruling Council | No traditional title known | |
| 11 | General Abdulsalami Abubakar (born 1942) |
8 June 1998 | 29 May 1999 (resigned.) |
355 days | Provisional Ruling Council | No traditional title at the time | |
Fourth Republic (1999–present)
Under the fourth Constitution of the Republic of Nigeria, the President is head of both state and government.
- Status
| President | Term of office | Political party | Elected | Title | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Portrait | Name | Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||
| 12 | Chief Olusegun Obasanjo (born 1937) |
29 May 1999 | 29 May 2007 | 8 years | People's Democratic Party | 1999 2003 |
In addition to a variety of other chieftaincy titles, Chief Obasanjo holds that of the Olori Omo Ilu of Ibogun-Olaogun.[11] | |
| 13 | Alhaji Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (1951–2010) |
29 May 2007 | 5 May 2010[12]
(died in office.) |
2 years, 341 days | People's Democratic Party | 2007 | Alhaji Yar'Adua was the Matawalle of Katsina, a chieftaincy position that is hereditary within his family.[13] | |
| 14 | Dr. Goodluck Jonathan (born 1957) |
6 May 2010 | 29 May 2015 | 5 years, 23 days | People's Democratic Party | 2011 | During his presidency, Dr. Jonathan was awarded the chieftaincy title of the Se lolia I of Wakirike Bese.[14] | |
| 15 | Muhammadu Buhari (born 1942) |
29 May 2015 | 29 May 2023 | 8 years | All Progressives Congress | 2015 2019 |
In addition to a variety of other chieftaincy titles, President Buhari holds that of the Ikeogu I of Igboland.[15] | |
| 16 | Chief Bola Tinubu (born 1952) |
29 May 2023 | Incumbent | 335 days | All Progressives Congress | 2023 | Chief Tinubu holds two chieftaincy titles; he is the Asiwaju of Lagos and the Jagaba of Borgu.[16] | |
- "Nigerians go crazy for a title". BBC.co.uk. August 2007. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- Royal Styles and Title Act, 1961, quoted in Benjamin Obi Nwabueze (1982). A Constitutional History of Nigeria. C. Hurst & Co. p. 86. ISBN 0-905838-79-3.
- British Pathè (1956). "Queen Arrives In Lagos (1956)". Retrieved 6 July 2021 – via YouTube.
- The African Scene, a column on page 40 of the magazine Negro Digest, cover dated April, 1964.
- "Zik's first son Chukwuma dies at 75". vanguardngr.com. 11 May 2015. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- The African Scene, a column on page 40 of the magazine Negro Digest, cover dated April, 1964.
- "Nigeria: Remembering Murtala Ramat Muhammed, a Fulani, Nigerian". allafrica.com. 17 February 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- "Kano kingmakers drag Gov. Ganduje to court over new emirates". legit.ng. 15 May 2019. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- "Breaking: Shehu Shagari is dead". sunnewsonline.com. 28 December 2018. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- "40 Egba chiefs we hardly talk about". citypeopleonline.com. 4 September 2017. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
- "Obasanjo's community gets secondary school as sons bag chieftaincy titles". Premiumtimesng.com. 21 April 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- Goodluck Jonathan was Acting President from 9 February to 5 May 2010
- "Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, the 13th president of Nigeria". Theabusites.com. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- "Jonathan, wife bag chieftaincy titles in Okrika". Vanguardngr.com. November 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- "Abia honours Buhari with another chieftaincy title". thenationonlineng.net. 7 December 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
- "Would-be successors to Nigeria's ailing president are circling". economist.com. 20 June 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2023.