List_of_space_forces,_units,_and_formations
This is a list of space forces, units, and formations that identifies the current and historical antecedents and insignia for the military space arms of countries fielding a space component, whether an independent space force, multinational commands, joint command, or as a part of another military service.
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Country | Current | Service Indigenous name |
Former | Established |
---|---|---|---|---|
China | People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force Space Systems Department [zh][1] | 2015 | ||
1998–2016 | ||||
United States | United States Space Force[3] | 2019 | ||
1982–2019 | ||||
1982–1985 | ||||
1963–1984[lower-alpha 1] | ||||
1976–1980[lower-alpha 2] | ||||
Fourteenth Aerospace Force (Aerospace Defense Command)[5] |
1968–1980[lower-alpha 3] | |||
1961–1968 | ||||
1960–1961 [lower-alpha 4] | ||||
1955–1964 [lower-alpha 5] | ||||
Space and Missile Systems Center (Air Force Materiel Command)[5] |
1992–2001[lower-alpha 6] | |||
Space Systems Division (Air Force Systems Command)[5] |
1989–1992 [lower-alpha 7] | |||
Space Division (Air Force Systems Command)[5] |
1979–1989 | |||
Space and Missile Systems Organization (Air Force Systems Command)[5] |
1967–1979 | |||
1961–1967 | ||||
Air Force Ballistic Missile Organization (Air Research and Development Command)[5] |
1957–1961 | |||
Western Development Division (Air Research and Development Command)[5] |
1954–1957 | |||
1950–1954 | ||||
1947–1951[lower-alpha 8] | ||||
1945–1947[lower-alpha 9] |
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- Established as an Air Force major command in 1946. Gained Defense Meteorological Satellite Program in 1963 and Aerospace Defense Command's space forces in 1980. Transferred space forces to Space Command from 1982 to 1984
- Missile warning and space surveillance activities moved into Strategic Air Command in 1980 [citation needed]
- Transferred missile surveillance radars to Air Defense Command in 1964–1966[citation needed]
- Transferred to Air Force Space Command in 2001 [citation needed]
- Space and missile program started in 1945 and space mission claimed in 1946[citation needed]
- the Korean People's Army Air and Anti-Air Force also became a space force, decades from its founding in 1946, with the launch of the Malligyong-1
- Skynet operations assumed by Airbus Defence and Space
- Space and rocket program transferred to NASA becoming the Marshall Space Flight Center
- Defense Satellite Communications System transferred to Army Space Command
- Activated to run the Defense Satellite Communications System
- Subordinated to Naval Space Command in 1983. Later transferred to Air Force Space Command's 20th Space Control Squadron in 2004
- Turned over to NASA in 1958 and became the core of Goddard Space Flight Center
- "Welcome - Defense One". cdn.defenseone.com. Retrieved Aug 11, 2020.
- Stokes, Mark A.; Cheng, Dean (April 26, 2012). "China's evolving space capabilities: implications for U.S. interests".
- "About Space Force". www.spaceforce.mil. Retrieved Aug 11, 2020.
- "Air Force Space Command (USAF)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved Aug 11, 2020.
- Spires, David N. (1998). "Beyond Horizons: A Half Century of Air Force Space Leadership" (PDF) (Revised ed.). Air Force Space Command in association with Air University Press. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 3, 2021.
- "310th Space Wing: About Us:Factsheet 19th Space Operations Squadron". 310th Space Wing Public Affairs. May 29, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- "16th Space Control Squadron". Peterson Air Force Base.
- "The United States should follow France's lead in space". SpaceNews. Sep 9, 2019. Retrieved Aug 11, 2020.
- Mahlandt, Taylor (Aug 1, 2019). "France Wants to Use Lasers to Protect Its Satellites". Slate Magazine. Retrieved Aug 11, 2020.
- "Iran's satellite launch carries more political weight than military significance". Apr 28, 2020. Retrieved Aug 11, 2020.
- Bodner, Matthew (Aug 3, 2015). "Russian Military Merges Air Force and Space Command". The Moscow Times. Retrieved Aug 11, 2020.
- "История : Министерство обороны Российской Федерации". structure.mil.ru.
- "Russian military space program" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-03-09.
- "The Space Review: Self-defense in space: protecting Russian spacecraft from ASAT attacks". www.thespacereview.com.
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- Raghuvanshi, Vivek (Jun 12, 2019). "India to launch a defense-based space research agency". Defense News. Retrieved Aug 11, 2020.
- "Rocket Lab's secret payload owned by Mexican defence agency". Stuff. July 21, 2019.
- "NATO agrees new Space Centre at Allied Air Command". ac.nato.int.
- "Who we are". ac.nato.int. Retrieved Aug 11, 2020.
- "U.S. Space Command signs space data sharing agreement with Peru". SpaceNews. May 20, 2020.
- Jeong, Jeff (April 30, 2018). "South Korea changes spy satellite developer for $930M project". Defense News.
- "UK Space Command". GOV.UK.
- Bowen, Bleddyn E. (July 2019). "The Integrated Review and UK Spacepower: The Search for Strategy" (PDF). Freeman Air and Space Institute, School of Security Studies, King's College London.
- "United States Space Command Fact Sheet". United States Space Command. Retrieved Aug 11, 2020.
- "Re-establishing U.S. Space Command". purview.dodlive.mil. Retrieved Aug 11, 2020.
- "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-04. Retrieved 2021-03-13.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - Abbott, Jaimie (May 21, 2015). "First Space Operations Unit" (PDF). Air Force. Vol. 57, no. 9. Royal Australian Air Force. pp. 12–13.
- "Brazilian Satellite Launched to Ensure Military Communications and End Digital Apartheid". www.defense-aerospace.com.
- "3 Canadian Space Division - Royal Canadian Air Force". 22 July 2022.
- Shalal, Andrea (August 17, 2016). "Germany expands a centre for space junk to deal with new threats". Reuters – via www.reuters.com.
- "ورود ارتش ایران به باشگاه سازندگان ماهواره". Khabar Fori. 2021-12-31.
- "Israel Exploits Space Technologies, Capabilities". SIGNAL Magazine. February 24, 2011.
- Johnston, Eric (June 2, 2020). "Japan's new space squadron takes a giant leap forward". The Japan Times.
- "Luxembourg eyes Earth-observation satellite for military and government". SpaceNews. November 7, 2017.
- "North Korea celebrates 'new era of a space power' after satellite launch". Nov 24, 2023. Retrieved Nov 24, 2023.
- "Air force satellite Napa-1 launched" – via www.bangkokpost.com.
- "Ambitious Turkey Seeking To Sync National Air and Space Firepower". SpaceNews. July 1, 2013.
- Chuter, Andrew (Jan 15, 2020). "Former fighter pilot picked to lead British military's space command". Defense News. Retrieved Aug 11, 2020.
- Kiralfy, R.J.C. (1997). "Current issues for RAF Oakhanger and Number 1001 Signals Unit". IEE Colloquium on Military Satellite Communications II. Vol. 1997. pp. 5/1–5/6. doi:10.1049/ic:19971068.
- "StackPath". www.rafmuseum.org.uk.
- "In October 1997, the U" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-03-09.
- "In October 1997, the U" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-03-09.
- "In October 1997, the U" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-03-09.
- "In October 1997, the U" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-03-09.
- "In October 1997, the U" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-03-09.
- Athey, Philip (November 18, 2020). "Marine Corps Forces Space Command is here". Marine Corps Times.
- "US Fleet Cyber Command, US Navy Space Command welcome new VADM". United States Space Command.
- "U.S. Fleet Cyber Command / Commander, U.S. 10th Fleet". www.fcc.navy.mil.
- Wagner, Gary R. "Naval Network and Space Operations Command Established". Retrieved 26 August 2018.
- "From the Sea to the Stars". public2.nhhcaws.local.
- "Coast Guard, DHS S&T Venture into Space with Polar Scout Launch". United States Coast Guard.
- "Viện Hàng không Vũ trụ Viettel đón nhận Huân chương Bảo vệ Tổ quốc hạng Nhất". Công an Nhân dân. 2022-02-23.