List_of_queens_regnant

List of female monarchs

Female monarchs in their own right

This is a list of current and former female monarchs regardless of title, including queens regnant, empresses regnant, pharaohs and monarchs by other titles (grand duchess, princess, etc.). Consorts, such queens consort (i.e. spouses of male monarchs) are not included, see list of current consorts of sovereigns. Female regents are not included, see list of regents.

Top left: Elizabeth II is the longest-reigning female monarch, reigning as Queen of the United Kingdom for 70 years.
Top right: Queen Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom for 63 years; the longest at the time.
Bottom left: Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890 – 1948), is the longest-reigning female monarch outside the United Kingdom.
Bottom right: Margrethe II was Queen of Denmark from 1972 until her abdication in 2024, and is the most recent female sovereign.

The following is an incomplete list of women monarchs who are well known from popular writings, although many ancient and poorly documented ruling monarchs (such as those from Africa and Oceania) are omitted. Section 1 lists monarchs who ruled in their own right, such as queens regnant. Section 2 lists legendary monarchs. Section 3 lists constituent monarchs: monarchs who ruled in their own right, but had no constitutional standing or regal powers while in power. Section 4 lists various female rulers who were referred to with the title "Chieftainess." Regents, such as queens regents, are not monarchs and are not included in this page. Pretenders to thrones are also not included in this page.

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[86] [N 1]
Joan III of Upper Navarre.

[87] [N 2]
Joan III of Lower Navarre.

[88] [N 3]
Isabella I of Navarre.

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Monarch	Reign dates	Length
Isabella I of Castile	4 September 1479–26 November 1504	25 years, 2 months, 22 days
Joanna of Castile	26 November 1504–12 April 1555	51 years, 7 months, 14 days
Isabella II of Spain	29 September 1833–30 September 1868	35 years, 1 day

Monarch	Reign dates	Length	Ref.
Sobekneferu	Mid-18th century BC	3 years, 10 months and 24 days	^[3]
Hatshepsut	c. 1479–1458 BC	c. 21 years	^[4]
Neferneferuaten	c. 1334–1332 BC	c. 3 years
Twosret	1191–1189 BC	2 years

Monarch	Portrait	Reign dates	Length	Co-ruler(s)	Ref.
Arsinoe II		273/272–270/268 BC	2 to 5 years	Ptolemy II	^[5]
Berenice II		246–222 BC	23 years	Ptolemy III	^[6]
Arsinoe III		220–204 BC	16 years	Ptolemy IV	^[7]
Cleopatra I		193–176 BC	17 years	Ptolemy V Ptolemy VI	^[8]
Cleopatra II		c. 175–164 BC 163–127 BC 124–115 BC	c. 54 years	Ptolemy VI Ptolemy VIII Cleopatra III Ptolemy IX	^[9]
Cleopatra III		c. 141–130 BC c. 127–101 BC	c. 37 years	Ptolemy VIII Cleopatra II Ptolemy IX Cleopatra IV Ptolemy X	^[10]
Cleopatra IV	–	116–115 BC	1 year	Cleopatra III Ptolemy IX	^[11]
Berenice III		101–88 BC 81–80 BC	14 years	Ptolemy X Ptolemy XI	^[12]
Cleopatra V		79–69 BC	10 years	Ptolemy XII	^[13]
Cleopatra VI	–	58–57 BC	1 year	Berenice IV	^[14]
Berenice IV	–	58–55 BC	3 years	Cleopatra VI	^[15]
Cleopatra VII		52–30 BC	22 years	Ptolemy XII Ptolemy XIII Ptolemy XIV Ptolemy XV	^[16]
Arsinoe IV		October 48–January 47 BC	3 months	Ptolemy XIII	^[17]

Monarch	Portrait	Reign dates	Length	Ref.
Berenice II		258–246 BC	12 years
Cleopatra Selene II		34–30 BC	4 years

Monarch	Reign dates	Length
Hatshepsut	c. 1479–1458 BC	c. 21 years
Neferneferuaten	c. 1334–1332 BC	c. 2 years
Twosret	1191–1189 BC	2 years

Monarch	Portrait	Reign dates	Ref.
Nahirqo		Mid-2nd century BC	^[19]
Unknown kandake	–	End of 2nd–first half of 1st century BC	^[20]
Amanirenas		End of 1st century BC–Beginning of 1st century AD
Amanishakheto		Early 1st century AD
Shanakdakhete	–	First half of the 1st century AD
Nawidemak		First half of the 1st century AD
Amanitore		Mid-1st century AD
Amanikhatashan		Mid-2nd century AD	^[21]
Amanikhalika		Second half of the 2nd century AD	^[22]
Patrapeamani [de]	–	First half of the 4th century AD	^[21]
Amanipilade		Mid-4th century AD	^[21]

Monarch	Portrait	Reign dates	Length	Ref.
Queen Himiko of Yamatai	–	c. 180–247/248 AD	c. 68 years	^[51]
Queen Toyo of Yamatai	–	c. 248–unknown	Unknown	^[52]
Empress Suiko		593–628	35 years	^[53]
Empress Kōgyoku		642–645	3 years	^[54]
Empress Saimei		655–661	6 years	^[54]
Empress Jitō		686–697	9 years	^[55]
Empress Genmei		707–715	8 years	^[56]
Empress Genshō		715–724	9 years	^[57]
Empress Kōken		749–758	9 years
Empress Shōtoku		764–770	6 years
Empress Meishō		1629–1643	14 years	^[58]
Empress Go-Sakuramachi		1762–1771	9 years	^[59]

Monarch	Title	State	Start of reign	End of reign	Length
Mary	Queen	Hungary	10 September 1382 (1st reign) 24 February 1386 (2nd reign)	December 1385 (1st reign) 17 May 1395 (2nd reign)
Mary	Queen	Croatia	10 September 1382 (1st reign) 24 February 1386 (2nd reign)	December 1385 (1st reign) 17 May 1395 (2nd reign)
Maria Theresa	Archduchess	Austria	20 October 1740	29 November 1780	40 years, 40 days
	Queen	Hungary
		Croatia
		Bohemia		19 December 1741	1 year, 60 days
		Bohemia	12 May 1743	29 November 1780	37 years, 201 days

Monarch	Title	State	Start of reign	End of reign	Length
Jadwiga	Queen	Poland	16 October 1384	17 July 1399	14 years, 274 days
Anna	Queen	Poland	15 December 1575	19 August 1587	11 years, 247 days
Anna	Grand Duchess	Lithuania	15 December 1575	19 August 1587	11 years, 247 days

Monarch	Title	Start of reign	End of reign	Length
Irina Godunova	Tsaritsa (Disputed)	26 January 1598	3 March 1598	36 days
Catherine I	Empress	8 February 1725	17 May 1727	2 years, 98 days
Anna	Empress	26 February 1730	28 October 1740	10 years, 245 days
Elizabeth	Empress	6 December 1741	5 January 1762	20 years, 30 days
Catherine II	Empress	9 July 1762	17 November 1796	34 years, 131 days

Monarch	Title	State	Start of reign	End of reign	Length of reign
Margaret I	Queen	Denmark	10 August 1387	28 October 1412	25 years, 79 days
		Norway	2 February 1388		24 years, 269 days
		Sweden	24 February 1389		23 years, 247 days
Christina	Queen	Sweden	16 November 1632	16 June 1654	21 years, 212 days
Ulrika Eleonora	Queen	Sweden	5 December 1718	29 February 1720	1 year, 86 days
Margrethe II	Queen	Denmark	14 January 1972	14 January 2024	52 years, 0 days

Monarch	Title	State	Start of reign	End of reign	Length of reign
Wilhelmina	Queen	Netherlands	23 November 1890	4 September 1948	57 years, 286 days
Juliana	Queen	Netherlands	4 September 1948	30 April 1980	31 years, 239 days
Beatrix	Queen	Netherlands	30 April 1980	30 April 2013	33 years, 0 days

Monarch	Portrait	Title	State	Start of reign	End of reign	Length	Ref.
Æthelflæd		Lady	Mercia	911	918	c. 7 years
Ælfwynn	–	Lady	Mercia	12 June 918	4 December 918	175 days
Matilda		Lady (Disputed)	England	8 April 1141	1148	c. 7 years	^[83]
Margaret		Queen (Disputed)	Scotland	19 March 1286	September 1290	4 years, 6 months
Mary I of Scotland		Queen	Scotland	14 December 1542	24 July 1567	24 years, 222 days
Jane		Queen (Disputed)	England	10 July 1553	19 July 1553	9 days	^[84]
Jane		Queen (Disputed)	Ireland	10 July 1553	19 July 1553	9 days	^[84]
Mary I of England		Queen	England	24 July 1553	17 November 1558	5 years, 116 days
Mary I of England		Queen	Ireland	24 July 1553	17 November 1558	5 years, 116 days
Elizabeth I		Queen	England	17 November 1558	24 March 1603	44 years, 127 days
Elizabeth I		Queen	Ireland	17 November 1558	24 March 1603	44 years, 127 days
Mary II		Queen	England	13 February 1689	28 December 1694	5 years, 318 days
			Ireland	13 February 1689		5 years, 318 days
			Scotland	11 April 1689		5 years, 261 days
Anne		Queen	England	8 March 1702	1 May 1707	5 years, 54 days
			Scotland		1 May 1707	5 years, 54 days
			Ireland		1 August 1714	12 years, 146 days
			Great Britain	1 May 1707	1 August 1714	7 years, 92 days
Victoria		Queen	United Kingdom	20 June 1837	22 January 1901	63 years, 216 days
Elizabeth II		Queen	United Kingdom	6 February 1952	8 September 2022	70 years, 214 days

Monarch	Title	State	Start of reign	End of reign	Length
Theresa	Queen	Portugal (disputed)	1116	24 June 1128
Beatrice	Queen	Portugal (disputed)	1383	1385
Maria I	Queen	Portugal	24 February 1777	20 March 1816	39 years, 25 days
Maria II	Queen	Portugal	2 May 1826	23 June 1828	2 years, 52 days
Maria II	Queen	Portugal	26 May 1834	15 November 1853	19 years, 173 days

Monarch	Portrait	Title	State	Start of reign	End of reign	Length
Urraca the Reckless		Empress	Spain	30 June 1109	8 March 1126	16 years, 251 days
		Queen	León
		Queen	Castile
		Queen	Galicia		1111
Petronilla		Queen	Aragon	13 November 1137	18 July 1164	26 years, 248 days
Urraca the Asturian	–	Queen	Kingdom of Artajona [eu]	1144	1153
Berengaria		Queen	Castile	6 June 1217	31 August 1217	86 days
Berengaria		Queen	Toledo	6 June 1217	31 August 1217	86 days
Sancha	–	Queen	León	24 September 1230	11 December 1230	78 days
Dulce	–	Queen	León	24 September 1230	11 December 1230	78 days
Joan I		Queen	Navarre	22 July 1284	2 April 1305	20 years, 254 days
Joan II		Queen	Navarre	1 April 1328	6 October 1349	21 years, 188 days
Isabella of Foix-Castelbon	–	Co-Princess	Andorra	1398	1412
Blanche I		Queen	Navarre	8 September 1425	1 April 1441	15 years, 205 days
Blanche II	–	Queen	Navarre	23 September 1461	2 December 1464	3 years, 70 days
Isabella I		Queen	Castile	11 December 1474	26 November 1504	29 years, 351 days
Isabella I		Queen	León	11 December 1474	26 November 1504	29 years, 351 days
Eleanor	–	Queen	Navarre	28 January 1479	12 February 1479	15 days
Catherine		Queen	Navarre	7 January 1483	12 February 1517	34 years, 36 days
Catherine		Co-Princess	Andorra	7 January 1483	12 February 1517	34 years, 36 days
Joanna^{[nb 1]}		Queen	Castile	26 November 1504	12 April 1555	50 years, 137 days
		Queen	Aragon	23 January 1516		39 years, 79 days
		Queen	Upper Navarre	23 January 1516		39 years, 79 days
Jeanne^{[nb 2]}		Queen	Lower Navarre	25 May 1555	9 June 1572	17 years, 15 days
Jeanne^{[nb 2]}		Co-Princess	Andorra	25 May 1555	9 June 1572	17 years, 15 days
Isabella II^{[nb 3]}		Queen	Spain	29 September 1833	30 September 1868	35 years, 1 day
Isabella II^{[nb 3]}		Queen	Upper Navarre	29 September 1833	30 November 1833	62 days

List_of_queens_regnant

Monarchs

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