List_of_political_parties_in_China

List of political parties in China

List of political parties in China

Add article description

The People's Republic of China is a one-party state ruled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Despite this, eight minor political parties subservient to the CCP exist.

This article is about political parties in the People's Republic of China. For political parties in the Republic of China after 1949, see List of political parties in Taiwan.

Under the one country, two systems principle, the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau, which were previously colonies of European powers, operate under a different political system from the rest of China. Currently, both Hong Kong and Macau possess multi-party systems that were introduced just before the handover of the territories to China.[1]

Ruling party

The Chinese Communist Party is the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China. The Chinese constitution states that "The defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China",[2] while the CCP constitution declares the party to be the "highest force for political leadership".[3]

More information Party, Year founded ...

Minor parties

Further information: United front (China)

While only the CCP holds effective power at the national level, there are officially eight minor and non-oppositional parties that exist alongside the CCP that are officially titled "democratic parties" (Chinese: 民主党派; pinyin: Mínzhǔ dǎngpài).[4] Founded before the proclamation of the People's Republic of China, these parties must accept the "leading role" of the CCP as a condition of their continued existence.[5] The relationship between these parties and the CCP has officially been described as "long-term coexistence and mutual supervision, treating each other with full sincerity and sharing weal or woe" (prosperity or adversity) [6] According to Human Rights Watch, these parties "play an advisory rather than an oppositional role".[7] The eight minor parties take part in "united front work" and also take part in the political system, but they have no power at a national level.[8][4] The Chinese political system allows for the participation of some members of the eight minor parties and other non-CCP members in the National People's Congress (NPC), but they are vetted by the CCP.[7] According to Aaron Friedberg, these parties' "purpose is to create the illusion of inclusiveness and representation."[9] One of the ways the CCP controls the minor parties is through its United Front Work Department (UFWD), which vets the membership applications and controls who is the leader of these parties.[10] UFWD also keeps the parties in check by preventing them from expanding widely in counties and villages.[10] There is officially a ranking system of the parties; the ranking is based on their "contribution to the new democratic revolution".[11]

More information Party, Year founded ...

Other parties

Banned parties

The following parties formed in China are (or have previously been) banned by the government:

See also

Notes

  1. Seats for political parties

References

  1. [1]
    Buckley, Roger (1997-05-28). Hong Kong: The Road to 1997 (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511612220. ISBN 978-0-521-47008-7. S2CID 162068953.
  2. [2]
    Wei, Changhao; Hu, Taige (11 March 2018). "Annotated Translation: 2018 Amendment to the PRC Constitution (Version 2.0)". NPC Observer. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  3. [3]
    Xu, Wei (28 October 2022). "Amendment to the Party Constitution elaborated". China Daily. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  4. [4]
    Liao, Xingmiu; Tsai, Wen-Hsuan (2019). "Clientelistic State Corporatism: The United Front Model of "Pairing-Up" in the Xi Jinping Era". China Review. 19 (1): 31–56. ISSN 1680-2012. JSTOR 26603249.
  5. [5]
    Tselichtchev, Ivan, ed. (2012-01-02). China Versus the West: The Global Power Shift of the 21st Century. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. doi:10.1002/9781119199311. ISBN 978-1-119-19931-1. OCLC 883259659.
  6. [6]
    "IV. The System of Multi-Party Cooperation and Political Consultation". China Internet Information Center. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
  7. [7]
    "China: Nipped In The Bud - Background". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2021-03-18.
  8. [8]
    Kesselman, Mark (2012-01-01). Introduction to Politics of the Developing World: Political Challenges and Changing Agendas. Cengage Learning. p. 324. ISBN 978-1-133-71258-9.
  9. [9]
    Friedberg, Aaron L. (2022). Getting China Wrong. Cambridge. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-509-54512-4. OCLC 1310457810.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. [10]
    Baptista, Eduardo (2021-06-11). "Are there other political parties in China?". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
  11. [11]
    "我国八个民主党派排序考". Lishui Municipal Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. 9 December 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  12. [12]
    Su, Yuan (2017). 1978-1979: Diary. China Cultural Communication Press.
  13. [13]
    "'四人帮'在福建打游击". 展望. 01. 1977-01-01.
  14. [14]
    "福建四人帮战讯". 展望. 1977-12-01.
  15. [15]
    Gittings, John (2005). The Changing Face of China: From Mao to Market. Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-19-280612-2.
  16. [16]
    Goldsmith, Jack; Wu, Tim (2006-06-29). Who Controls the Internet?: Illusions of a Borderless World. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780195152661.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-515266-1.
  17. [17]
    "国台办称中国泛蓝联盟是非法组织" [The Taiwan Affairs Office said the Union of Chinese Nationalists is an illegal organization.]. Phoenix TV (in Chinese (China)). 25 April 2007.
  18. [18]
    Demick, Barbara (20 March 2012). "China puts a stop to Maoist revival". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  19. [19]
    Moore, Malcolm. "Former teacher names Bo Xilai chairman of 'new political party'". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  20. [20]
    Benjamin Kang Lim and Ben Blanchard (9 November 2013). "Bo Xilai supporters launch new political party in China". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  21. [21]
    Shao, Heng. "Bizarre China Report: The Grand Wedding, Power Play & Smog-Inspired Creativity". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2018-01-27. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  22. [22]
    "北京民政局发出取缔"至宪党"决定". Deutsche Welle. 14 December 2013. Archived from the original on 16 May 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article List_of_political_parties_in_China, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.