This list contains only probabilists in the sense of mathematicians specializing in probability theory.

This list is incomplete; please add to it.

• David Aldous (born 1952)
• Siva Athreya
• Thomas Bayes (1702–1761) - British mathematician and Presbyterian minister, known for Bayes' theorem
• Gerard Ben-Arous (born 1957) - Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
• Itai Benjamini
• Jakob Bernoulli (1654–1705) - Switzerland, known for Bernoulli trials
• Joseph Louis François Bertrand (1822–1900)
• Abram Samoilovitch Besicovitch (1891–1970)
• Patrick Billingsley (1925–2011)
• Erwin Bolthausen (born 1945)
• Carlo Emilio Bonferroni (1892–1960)
• Émile Borel (1871–1956)
• Sourav Chatterjee
• Kai Lai Chung (1917–2009)
• Erhan Cinlar (born 1941)
• Harald Cramér (1893–1985)
• Amir Dembo (born 1958)
• Persi Diaconis (born 1945)
• Hugo Duminil-Copin (born 1985)
• Joseph Leo Doob (1910–2004)
• Lester Dubins (1920–2010)
• Eugene Dynkin (1924–2014)
• Robert J. Elliott (born 1940)
• Paul Erdős (1913–1996)
• Alison Etheridge (born 1964)
• Steve Evans (born 1960)
• William Feller (1906–1970)
• Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985) - Italian probabilist and statistician
• Geoffrey Grimmett (born 1950)
• Alice Guionnet (born 1969)
• Ian Hacking (born 1936)
• Paul Halmos (1916–2006)
• Joseph Halpern (born 1953)
• David Heath (c.1943–2011)
• Wassily Hoeffding (1914–1991)
• Kiyoshi Itô (1915–2008)
• Jean Jacod (born 1944)
• Edwin Thompson Jaynes (1922–1998)
• Mark Kac (1914–1984)
• Olav Kallenberg (born 1939)
• Rudolf E. Kálmán (1930–2016)
• Samuel Karlin (1924–2007)
• David George Kendall (1918–2007)
• Richard Kenyon (born 1964) - Yale University
• Harry Kesten (1931–2019)
• John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946) - best known for his pioneering work in economics
• Aleksandr Khinchin (1894–1959)
• Andrey Kolmogorov (1903–1987)
• Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827)
• Gregory Lawler (born 1955)
• Lucien Le Cam (1924–2000)
• Jean-François Le Gall (born 1959)
• Paul Lévy (1886–1971)
• Jarl Waldemar Lindeberg (1876–1932)
• Andrey Markov (1856–1922)
• Stefan Mazurkiewicz (1888–1945)
• Henry McKean (born 1930)
• Paul-André Meyer (1934–2003)
• Richard von Mises (1883–1953)
• Abraham de Moivre (1667–1754)
• Octav Onicescu (1892–1983)
• K. R. Parthasarathy (born 1936)
• Blaise Pascal (1623–1662)
• Charles E. M. Pearce (1940–2012)
• Judea Pearl (born 1936)
• Yuval Peres (born 1963)
• Edwin A. Perkins (born 1953)
• Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840)
• Yuri Vasilevich Prokhorov (1929–2013)
• Frank P. Ramsey (1903–1930)
• Alfréd Rényi (1921–1970)
• Oded Schramm (1961–2008)
• Romano Scozzafava (born 1935)
• Scott Sheffield (born 1973)
• Albert Shiryaev (born 1934)
• Yakov Sinai (born 1935)
• Ray Solomonoff (1926–2009)
• Frank Spitzer (1926–1992)
• Ruslan L. Stratonovich (1930–1997)
• Daniel W. Stroock (born 1940)
• Tibor Szele (1918–1955)
• Alain-Sol Sznitman (born 1955)
• Michel Talagrand (born 1952)
• Heinrich Emil Timerding (1873–1945)
• Andrei Toom (born 1942)
• S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan (born 1940) - 2007 Abel Prize laureate
• Gopinath Kallianpur (1925-2015)
• Bhamidi V. Rao ((born 1945)
• Bálint Virág (born 1973)
• Wendelin Werner (born 1968)
• Norbert Wiener (1894–1964)
• David Williams
• Ofer Zeitouni (born 1960) - Weizmann Institute
• Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970) - one of the giants among twentieth-century philosophers (best known for confirmation probability)
• Harold Jeffreys (1891–1989) - one of the giants within Bayesian statistics school
• Richard Jeffrey (1926–2002) - best known for the philosophy of radical probabilism and Jeffrey conditioning
• Karamat Ali Karamat (1936–2022)
• Terence Tao (born 1975)
• Richard M. Dudley (1938–2020)
• William Timothy Gowers (born 1963)
• Bálint Tóth (born 1955)
• Rajeeva L. Karandikar (born 1956)

See probabilism for the followers of such a theory in theology or philosophy.

• List of statisticians