List_of_heads_of_government_of_Romania

List of heads of government of Romania

List of heads of government of Romania

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This is a list consisting of all the heads of government of modern and contemporary Romania (i.e. prime ministers, both in full constitutional powers and acting or ad interim), since the establishment of the United Principalities in 1859 to the present day.

The incumbent prime minister of Romania, as of 23 April 2024, is Ion-Marcel Ciolacu, the current leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), who has been serving since 15 June 2023 onwards.

Ciolacu has been leading a PSD-PNL grand coalition government, as part of and representing the ruling National Coalition for Romania (CNR), since mid June 2023 to the present day. The Ciolacu Cabinet is the second CNR government to date and the only one to be composed of only two major political parties, after the UDMR/RMDSZ was eliminated from the coalition and, consequently, entered in opposition. In addition, the share of governmental power between the two major political parties which constitute this CNR cabinet is equal (i.e. 11 ministries per each constituent political party). For some time however, the stability and cohesion of the incumbent cabinet are both quite debatable.

Affiliations

The political stance of Romanian prime ministers prior to the development of a modern party system is given by the following affiliations in the table below:

  C (Conservative)  MC (Moderate Conservative)
  RL (Radical Liberal)  ML (Moderate Liberal)

The political stance of Romanian prime ministers after the development of a modern party system is given by the following affiliations in the table below:

  PNL = National Liberal Party (historical)/(contemporary)  PC = Conservative Party
  PNR/PNȚ/PNȚCD = Romanian National Party/National Peasants' Party/Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party  PP = People's Party
  PCD = Conservative-Democratic Party  Ind. = Independent
  PND = Democratic Nationalist Party  PNC = National Christian Party
  FRN = National Renaissance Front
(from 1940 PN; Party of the Nation)		  FP = Ploughmen's Front
  PMR = Romanian Workers' Party
(from 1965 PCR; Romanian Communist Party)		  FSN = National Salvation Front
  PDSR = Party of Social Democracy in Romania
(from 2001 PSD; Social Democratic Party)		  Mil. = Military
  PSDR = Romanian Social Democratic Party  Democratic Party/Democratic Liberal Party

Ad interim/acting officeholders are denoted by italics.

List of officeholders

United Principalities (1859–1881)

From 1859 to 1862, the two Romanian principalities (more specifically Moldavia and Wallachia) had their own government each, and a cabinet, seated in Iași and Bucharest respectively. In 1862, Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza changed the Constitution and from then on there has been a single unified central government, permanently seated in Bucharest, the capital of Romania.

More information No., Portrait ...

Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)

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Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)

More information No., Portrait ...

Contemporary Romania (1989–present)

More information No., Portrait ...

Note: Romania used the Julian calendar prior to 1919, but all dates are given in the Gregorian calendar.

Timeline

Marcel CiolacuFlorin CîțuNicolae CiucăLudovic OrbanViorica DăncilăMihai FiforMihai TudoseSorin GrindeanuDacian CioloșSorin CîmpeanuGabriel OpreaVictor PontaMihai Răzvan UngureanuCătălin PredoiuEmil BocCălin Popescu-TăriceanuEugen BejinariuAdrian NăstaseMugur IsărescuAlexandru AthanasiuRadu VasileGavril DejeuVictor CiorbeaNicolae VăcăroiuTheodor StolojanPetre RomanList of members of the National Salvation Front CouncilConstantin DăscălescuIlie VerdețManea MănescuIon Gheorghe MaurerChivu StoicaGheorghe Gheorghiu-DejPetru GrozaNicolae RădescuConstantin SănătescuIon AntonescuIon GigurtuConstantin ArgetoianuGheorghe ArgeșanuArmand CălinescuPatriarch Miron of RomaniaOctavian GogaGheorghe TătărescuConstantin AngelescuIon G. DucaNicolae IorgaGheorghe MironescuIuliu ManiuVintilă BrătianuBarbu ȘtirbeyTake IonescuAlexandru Vaida-VoevodArtur VăitoianuConstantin CoandăAlexandru MarghilomanAlexandru AverescuTitu MaiorescuIon I. C. BrătianuPetre P. CarpGheorghe Grigore CantacuzinoPetre S. AurelianDimitrie SturdzaGheorghe ManuTheodor RosettiDimitrie BrătianuIon BrătianuIon Emanuel FlorescuManolache Costache EpureanuAlexandru G. GolescuDimitrie GhicaNicolae GolescuȘtefan GolescuConstantin A. KretzulescuLascăr CatargiuIon GhicaConstantin BosianuMihail KogălniceanuNicolae CrețulescuApostol ArsacheBarbu Catargiu

Notes

  1. Due to World War I, the Romanian government served in refuge at Iași, between 3 December 1916 and 29 November 1918.
  2. From 14 September 1940, the Prime Minister title was styled Conducător for as long as Marshal Ion Antonescu remained in power as head of the Romanian government.
  3. Served as ad interim (i.e. acting) PM until 20 June 1990, following the 1990 general election held on 20 May.
  4. Roman is currently a PSD member.
  5. Stolojan joined the National Salvation Front (FSN) at the time he took office as Prime Minister back in 1991.
  6. Stolojan is currently a PNL member.
  7. From 10 July 1993.
  8. Subsequently adhered to the PNL between 2012 and 2014. Currently, Ciorbea is politically unaffiliated.
  9. Dejeu was the first post-1989 acting/ad interim Prime Minister of Romania and the first such Prime Minister since Constantin Angelescu of the PNL who very briefly served in this position for only 5 days during the interwar period (more specifically between late December 1933–early January 1934).
  10. Athanasiu is currently a PSD member.
  11. The first politically non-attached/non-partisan fully technocratic Prime Minister of post-1989 Romania at the time he acceded to governance (despite past ties as undercover informer for the Securitate). Currently, Isărescu is non-affiliated politically and still the Governor of the National Bank of Romania (BNR).
  12. Yet somewhat affiliated with the Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) as he was later on the official presidential candidate of the revamped CDR 2000 in the 2000 Romanian general election
  13. PSDR and PDSR merged into the PSD on 16 June 2001.
  14. Subsequently quit the PNL and co-founded ALDE before switching to Ponta's PRO Romania in a short-lived merger of ALDE and the former party which lasted between 2020 and early 2021. Currently, Tăriceanu is politically non-affiliated.
  15. Until 4 December 2006.
  16. Boc is currently a PNL member.
  17. Cătălin Predoiu is the all time Romanian ad interim/acting Prime Minister of Romania who served the fewest number of days in office.
  18. Prior to becoming an independent ad interim/acting Prime Minister of Romania, Predoiu was a PNL-AT member during the early 1990s and afterwards a PDL and subsequently PNL member. He subsequently served as ad interim/acting Prime Minister in 2023 for the same number of days as in 2012.
  19. Prior to becoming an independent ad interim/acting Prime Minister of Romania, Ungureanu was a PNL member and later on the president of Civic Force (FC) and a PDL member.
  20. Subsequently quit the PSD and founded his own centre-left party, namely PRO Romania, which he has been presiding to this day.
  21. Subsequently quit ALDE and joined Ponta's PRO Romania. Eventually, he also quit PRO Romania to join the PNL of which he has been a member to the present day.
  22. Subsequently founded his own party, PLUS, then briefly became USR president, and is currently associated with REPER.
  23. Subsequently quit the PSD and switched to Ponta's PRO Romania in 2019 before eventually re-joining the PSD in early 2020.
  24. Subsequently quit the PSD and became the president of the NOI party in 2022.
  25. until 27 August 2019.
  26. The Orban government was the first entirely national liberal government of Romania in 82 years, after the one previously led by Gheorghe Tătărescu during the interwar period, more specifically from 1934 to 1937.[1]
  27. Subsequently quit the PNL in late 2021 with a group of followers (more specifically 13 deputies and 3 senators at parliamentary level) to establish his own centre-right party, namely Force of the Right (FD), which he has been presiding since December 2021 to the present day.
  28. After he was dismissed by a record-voted motion of no confidence passed with 281 votes on 5 October 2021, Florin Cîțu still served as ad interim/acting Prime Minister in charge of a minority PNL-UDMR/RMDSZ government between October and November 2021. He had previously served as acting/ad interim Prime Minister since September 2021, just after USR PLUS (now USR) decided to leave government.
  29. to 7 September 2021.
  30. Although he had formally become a politician in 2020, Nicolae Ciucă was the first military leader (more specifically general, albeit retired) to serve as Prime Minister of Romania (both acting/ad interim and in full constitutional powers) since the end of World War II. Additionally, he was the only Romanian Prime Minister to date to have initially served as acting head of government and then as head of government proper (i.e. in full constitutional powers).

See also

References

  1. [1]
    Alexandra Tănăsescu (5 November 2019). "Guvernul Orban este primul guvern liberal după 82 de ani. Povestea ultimului guvern liberal – Gheorghe Tătărescu". Cultura la dubă (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 April 2022.

Bibliography

  • Nicolae C. Nicolescu, Șefii de stat și de guvern ai României (1859–2003), Editura Meronia, Bucharest, 2003
  • Stelian Neagoe, Istoria guvernelor României de la începuturi – 1859 până în zilele noastre – 1995, Editura Machiavelli, Bucharest, 1995
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