List_of_United_States_death_row_inmates

List of death row inmates in the United States

List of death row inmates in the United States

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As of January 1, 2023, there were 2,331 death row inmates in the United States, including 48 women.[1] The number of death row inmates changes frequently with new convictions, appellate decisions overturning conviction or sentence alone, commutations, or deaths (through execution or otherwise).[2] Due to this fluctuation as well as lag and inconsistencies in inmate reporting procedures across jurisdictions, the information in this article may present inaccuracies.

Demographics

Ethnicity of defendants on death row

  • White: 978 (41.96%)
  • African-American: 961 (41.23%)
  • Hispanic: 325 (13.94%)
  • Asian: 44 (1.89%)
  • Native American: 23 (0.99%)[1]

Comparatively, 58.9% of the U.S. population is white, and 13.6% is black according to US Census Data as of April 2024.

Gender of defendants on death row

  • Male: 2,281 (97.94%)
  • Female: 48 (2.06%)

Comparatively, 50.8% of the U.S. population is female, and 49.2% is male (USCB 2018).

Education

  • 69.75% have less than a high school diploma or GED.[3]

Comparatively, 12.19% of U.S. adults have less than a high school diploma or GED.[3]

Mental illness

  • It has been estimated that over 10% of death row inmates have a mental illness.[4]

Comparatively, it is estimated that 4.2% of American adults have a serious mental illness.[5]

Time on death row

  • Median time, in years, a death row prisoner has been awaiting execution: 7[3]
  • Average time, in years, between imposition of a death sentence and execution: 12[3]
    • For 2020: 22 years on average between offense and execution.

Later found innocent or exonerated

  • 1.6% of death row prisoners since 1972 have been formally exonerated and released.[6]

List of death row inmates by jurisdiction

Federal

  • On death row: 42 (as of December 7, 2023)[7]
  • Total number executed: 50 (1927–2021)[8]

Due to the high number of federal death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Crime ...

Military

  • On death row: 4[12]
  • Total number executed: 135 (1916-1961)[13]
More information Name, Crime ...

Alabama

  • On death row: 165 (as of January 25, 2024)[17]
  • Total number executed: 781 (1800–2024)

Due to the high number of Alabama death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

American Samoa

  • On death row: 0
  • Total number executed: 0 (since 1939)

Capital punishment exists as a punishment in American Samoa, an unincorporated territory of the United States, but does not have a prescribed method of execution. No executions have been imposed or performed since the territory gained self-governance in 1949; the last executions occurred in 1939, when the island was under the control of the United States Navy.[18]

Arizona

  • On death row: 112 (as of September 30, 2023)
  • Total number executed: 143 (1800–2022)[19]

Due to the high number of Arizona death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Arkansas

  • On death row: 26 (as of September 30, 2023)[26]
  • Total number executed: 200 (1913–2017)[27]

Due to the high number of Arkansas death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

California

  • On death row: 640 (as of April 8, 2024)[28]
  • Total number executed: 722 (1700–2006)[19][29]

Due to the high number of California death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Florida

  • On death row: 278 (as of April 10, 2024)[31]
  • Total number executed: 417 (1800–2023)[19][29]

Due to the high number of Florida death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Georgia

  • On death row: 38 (as of April 23, 2024)[32]
  • Total number executed: 1022 (1700–2024)[19][29]

Due to the high number of Georgia death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Idaho

  • On death row: 8[33]
  • Total number executed: 29 (1800–2012)[33][34]
More information Name, Description of crime ...

Indiana

  • On death row: 8 (November 21, 2020)[38]
  • Total number executed: 151 (1800–2009)[19]
More information Name, Description of crime ...

Kansas

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Kentucky

  • On death row: 26[51]
  • Total number executed: 427 (1700-2008)[19]

Due to the high number of Kentucky death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Louisiana

  • On death row: 57 (as of June 13, 2023)[53]
  • Total number executed: 659 (1700–2010)[19]

Due to the high number of Louisiana death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Mississippi

  • On death row: 35[54]
  • Total number executed: 374 (1800–2022)[19]

Due to the high number of Mississippi death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Missouri

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Montana

  • On death row: 2[61]
  • Total number executed: 74 (1800–2006)[19]
More information Name, Description of crime ...

Nebraska

  • On death row: 11[63][64]
  • Total number executed: 38 (1866–2018)[19]
More information Name, Description of crime ...

Nevada

  • On death row: 64[65]
  • Total number executed: 76 (1800–2006)
More information Name, Description of crime ...

New Hampshire

  • On death row: 1 (2014)
  • Total number executed: 24 (1700–1939)[19]

Note: On May 30, 2019, the state Senate voted to override Governor Chris Sununu's veto on a bill that abolished the state's death penalty 16–8. Since the veto had previously been overridden by the state House of Representatives, the bill immediately became law and repealed capital punishment, replacing it with life in prison without the possibility of parole. The law was not applied retroactively and the one person on death row at the time of abolition remains there.

More information Name, Description of crime ...

North Carolina

  • On death row: 136[67]
  • Total number executed: 823 (1700–2006)[19]

Due to the high number of North Carolina death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Ohio

  • On death row: 122 (as of September 24, 2023)[69]
  • Total number executed: 494 (1700–2018)[19][29]

Due to the high number of Ohio death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Oklahoma

  • On death row: 35 (as of April 6, 2024)[84]
  • Total number executed: 252 (1800–2024)[19]

Due to the high number of Oklahoma death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Oregon

  • On death row: 0 (as of December 13, 2022)[85]
  • Total number executed: 124 (1800–1997)[19]

Pennsylvania

  • On death row: 98 (as of February 27, 2024)[86]
  • Total number executed: 1 043 (1608–1999)[19]

Owing to the high number of Pennsylvania death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

South Carolina

  • On death row: 34[87]
  • Total number executed: 683 (1700–2011)[19]

Due to the high number of South Carolina death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

South Dakota

  • On death row: 1[88]
  • Total number executed: 20 (1866-2019)[88]
More information Name, Description of crime ...

Tennessee

  • On death row: 45[90]
  • Total number executed: 347 (1700-2020)

Due to the high number of Tennessee death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article. A full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Texas

  • On death row: 179[92]
  • Total number executed: 1340 (1800–2024)[19]

Due to the high number of Texas death row inmates, only prisoners with Wikipedia pages or part of a criminal enterprise with a separate Wikipedia page are listed in this article. The full list is externally linked:

More information Name, Description of crime ...

Utah

  • On death row: 7[95]
  • Total number executed: 50 (1800–2010)[19][96]
More information Name, Description of crime ...

Wyoming

  • On death row: 0[99]
  • Total number executed: 23 (1866–1992)

Jurisdictions without the death penalty

Twenty-three states have abolished capital punishment. Crimes committed in these states are still eligible for the death penalty if they are convicted in federal court for certain federal crimes. Capital punishment has been abolished in New Hampshire, but only for new sentences. One prisoner (Michael Addison) who was already sentenced to death remains on death row in the state.

States and the date of abolition of capital punishment:

  1. Michigan (1846; abolished for murder, retained for treason until 1963)
  2. Wisconsin (1853)
  3. Maine (1887)
  4. Minnesota (1911)
  5. Hawaii (1948; prior to statehood)
  6. Alaska (1957; prior to statehood)
  7. Vermont (1964; abolished for murder, retained for treason until 1972)
  8. Iowa (1965)
  9. West Virginia (1965)
  10. North Dakota (1973)
  11. Massachusetts (1984)
  12. Rhode Island (1984)
  13. New Jersey (2007)
  14. New York (2007)
  15. New Mexico (2009)
  16. Illinois (2011)
  17. Connecticut (2012)
  18. Maryland (2013)
  19. Delaware (2016)
  20. Washington (2018)
  21. New Hampshire (2019)
  22. Colorado (2020)
  23. Virginia (2021)

Territories and federal districts:

  1. Puerto Rico (1929)[100]
  2. Northern Mariana Islands (before 1970; prior to Commonwealth status) [101]
  3. Guam (1978) [101]
  4. Washington, D.C. (1981)
  5. United States Virgin Islands (1991)

See also


References

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  2. "Encyclopedia of prisons and Correctional facilities" (PDF). Sage Reference. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
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  7. s. "Boston Marathon Bombing". HISTORY. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
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  11. Tan, Michelle (November 24, 2008). "Soldier to be executed for multiple murders". Army Times. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
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  30. Evans, Tim (February 1, 2014). "Indiana death row holds 13 prisoners". Indianapolis Star.
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  54. Calculated from the admission date (04/01/2010) given by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction's official website: Offender Details
  55. Calculated from the admission date (02/27/2001) given by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction's official website: Offender Search Detail
  56. Calculated from the admission date (06/01/2018) given by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction's official website: Offender Search Detail
  57. Calculated from the admission date (04/01/2010) given by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction's official website: Offender Search Detail
  58. Calculated from the admission date (06/13/2016) given by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction's official website: Offender Search Detail
  59. Calculated from the admission date (10/30/2002) given by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction's official website: Offender Search Detail
  60. Calculated from the admission date (10/17/2014) given by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction's official website: Offender Search Detail
  61. Calculated from the admission date (06/26/2003) given by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction's official website: Offender Search Detail
  62. Calculated from the admission date (10/21/1999) given by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction's official website: Offender Search Detail
  63. Calculated from the admission date (04/12/1993) given by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction's official website: Offender Search Detail
  64. Calculated from the admission date (03/28/2018) given by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction's official website: Offender Search Detail
  65. Calculated from the admission date (04/19/2018) given by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Correction's official website: Offender Search Detail
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