List_of_Norwegian_monarchs

List of Norwegian monarchs

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The list of Norwegian monarchs (Norwegian: kongerekken or kongerekka) begins in 872: the traditional dating of the Battle of Hafrsfjord, after which victorious King Harald Fairhair merged several petty kingdoms into that of his father. Named after the homonymous geographical region, Harald's realm was later to be known as the Kingdom of Norway.^{[citation needed]}

Coat of arms of the King

King Harald V and Queen Sonja

Traditionally established in 872 and existing continuously for over 1,100 years, the Kingdom of Norway is one of the oldest states of Europe: King Harald V, who has reigned since 1991, is the 64th monarch according to the official list.^[1] During interregna, Norway has been ruled by variously titled regents.

Several royal dynasties have possessed the Throne of the Kingdom of Norway: the more prominent include the Fairhair dynasty (872–970), the House of Sverre (1184–1319), and the House of Oldenburg (1450–1481, 1483–1533, 1537–1814, and from 1905) including branches Holstein-Gottorp (1814–1818) and Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (from 1905).^{[citation needed]} During the civil war era (1130–1240), several pretenders fought each other. Some rulers from this era are not traditionally considered lawful kings and are usually omitted from lists of monarchs. Between 1387 and 1905, Norway was part of various unions.^{[citation needed]}

Kings of Norway used many additional titles between 1450 and 1905, such as King of the Wends, King of the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Duke of Holstein, Prince of Rügen, and Count of Oldenburg. They called themselves Konge til Norge ("King of Norway"), usually with the style His Royal Majesty.^{[citation needed]} With the introduction of constitutional monarchy in 1814, the traditional style "by the Grace of God" was extended to "by the Grace of God and the Constitution of the Kingdom", but was only briefly in use.^{[citation needed]} The last king to use the by the grace of God style was Haakon VII, who died in 1957. The King's title today is formally Norges Konge ("Norway's King"), with the style "His Majesty".

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R	Reign
I	Independent period
D	Union with Denmark (1524 – 1814 as Denmark–Norway)
S	Union with Sweden (1814 – 1905 as Sweden–Norway)
DS	Union with Denmark and Sweden (1397 – 1521 as Kalmar Union)
R	Interregnum/Regency

R	Name Reign	Portrait	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death
I	Harald I Halfdansson^[4] Harald Fairhair c. 872–932	(Non-contemporary)	c. 850/860 Son of Halfdan the Black and Ragnhild	Various At least nine sons	c. 932 Rogaland
	Eric I Haraldsson^[2] Eric Bloodaxe c. 932–934		c. 895 Son of Harald I and Ragnhild Eriksdotter	Gunnhild Gormsdóttir Eight children	c. 952/954 England
	Haakon I Haraldsson^[5] Haakon the Good c. 934–960	(Non-contemporary)	c. 915–920 Son of Harald I and Tora Mosterstong	Never married	c. 960/961 Håkonshella (near Bergen)
	Harald II Ericsson^[3]^[6] Harald Greycloak c. 961–970	–	c. 935 Son of Eric I and Gunnhild Gormsdóttir	Never married	c. 970 Limfjord, Denmark

R	Name Reign	Portrait	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death
D	Harald Bluetooth^[9]^[10] 961 – c. 980^[11] (de jure)	(Non-contemporary)	c. 925/35^{[citation needed]} Son of Gorm the Old and Thyra	^{[citation needed]}Gyrid of Sweden Four or six children Tove of the Obotrites No issue	987 latest Jomsborg
R	Earl Haakon Sigurdsson^[8] 965/70–995^[11] (de facto)	(Non-contemporary)	c. 935 Trondheim Son of Sigurd Haakonsson and Bergljot Toresdatter	Tora Skagesdatter Nine children^{[citation needed]}	995 Rimul

R	Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death
D	Sweyn Forkbeard^[15]^[16] 1000–1013^[11] (de jure)	17 April 963 Son of Harald Bluetooth and Tove of the Obotrites	(1 & 2) Gunhild of Wenden or Sigrid the Haughty Eight or more children^{[citation needed]}	3 February 1014^[17] Gainsborough, Lincolnshire
R	Earl Eric Haakonsson^[14] 1000–1015^[11] (de facto)	c. 964 Son of Haakon Sigurdsson and Gunhild Mieszcosdatter	Gytha Svendsdatter One son^{[citation needed]}	c. 1024 England
R	Earl Sweyn Haakonsson^[18] 1000–1015^[11] (de facto)	c. 970 Son of Haakon Sigurdsson and Thora Skagesdatter	Holmfrid Eriksdatter Two daughters^{[citation needed]}	c. 1016 Russia

R	Name Reign	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death
D	Cnut the Great^[11]^[21]^[22] 1028–1035 (de jure)	c. 995 Son of Sweyn Forkbeard	(1) Ælfgifu of Northampton Two children (2) Emma of Normandy Two children	12 November 1035 Shaftesbury
R	Earl Haakon Ericsson^[23]^[24]^[25] 1028–1029 (de facto)	c. 998 Son of Eric Haakonsson and Gytha Svendsdatter	Gunhild One daughter^{[citation needed]}	1029 Pentland Firth
D	Sweyn Knutsson (with Ælfgifu)^[11]^[26] 1030–1035 (de facto)	c. 1015 Son of Cnut and Ælfgifu of Northampton	Never married	c. 1035

List_of_Norwegian_monarchs

List of Norwegian monarchs

Key

Fairhair dynasty

House of Gorm/Earl of Lade

Fairhair dynasty (restored)

House of Gorm/Earls of Lade (restored)

St. Olav dynasty

House of Gorm/Earl of Lade (restored, second time)

St. Olav dynasty (restored)

Hardrada dynasty

Gille dynasty

Hardrada dynasty (restored), cognatic branch

Sverre dynasty

House of Godwin (Gille dynasty, cognatic branch)

Sverre dynasty (restored)

House of Bjelbo

House of Estridsen

House of Griffin

House of Palatinate-Neumarkt

House of Bonde

House of Oldenburg

House of Holstein-Gottorp

House of Bernadotte

House of Glücksburg

See also

References

Works cited

Further reading

External links

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R	Name Reign	Portrait	Birth	Marriage(s) Issue	Death
I	Magnus I Olavsson^[27]^[28] Magnus the Good 1035–1047		c. 1024 Illegitimate son of Olaf II and Alfhild	Never married	25 October 1047 Zealand Aged 23
D	Magnus I Olavsson^[27]^[28] Magnus the Good 1035–1047		c. 1024 Illegitimate son of Olaf II and Alfhild	Never married	25 October 1047 Zealand Aged 23

R	Name Reign	Birth, parents	Marriage(s) Issue	Death
I	Harald III Sigurdsson^[29]^[30] Harald Hardrada 1046–1066	c. 1015 Son of Sigurd Syr and Åsta Gudbrandsdatter	(1) Elisiv of Kiev Two daughters (2) Tora Torbergsdatter (bigamously) Two sons	25 September 1066 Stamford Bridge, England Aged 50–51
	Magnus II Haraldsson^[31] 1066–1069	c. 1049 Eldest son of Harald III and Tora Torbergsdatter	Never married	28 April 1069 Nidaros Aged 19–20
	Olav III Haraldsson^[31] Olaf Kyrre 1067–1093	c. 1050 Youngest son of Harald III and Tora Torbergsdatter	Ingerid of Denmark No issue	22 September 1093 Haukbø, Rånrike (now Håkeby, Sweden) Aged 42–43
	Haakon (II) Magnusson^[32] Haakon Toresfostre 1093–1095	c. 1069 Illegitimate son of Magnus II	Never married	1095 Dovrefjell Aged 25–26
	Magnus III Olavsson^[33] Magnus Barefoot 1093–1103	c. 1073 Illegitimate son of Olav III and Tora Arnesdatter	Margaret Fredkulla No issue	24 August 1103 Ulster Aged 29–30
	Olav (IV) Magnusson^[34] 1103–1115	c. 1098 Illegitimate son of Magnus III and Sigrid Saxesdatter	Never married	22 December 1115 Nidaros Aged 16–17
	Eystein I Magnusson^[35] 1103–1123	c. 1088 Illegitimate son of Magnus III	Ingebjørg Guttormsdatter Two children^{[citation needed]}	29 August 1123 Hustad, Fræna Aged 34–35
	Sigurd I Magnusson^[36] Sigurd the Crusader 1103–1130	c. 1089 Illegitimate son of Magnus III and Tora	(1) Bjaðmunjo Mýrjartaksdóttir No issue (2) Malmfred of Kiev One daughter (3) Cecilia^{[dubious – discuss]} No issue	26 March 1130 Oslo Aged 40–41
	Magnus IV Sigurdsson^[37] Magnus the Blind 1130–1135	c. 1115 Illegitimate son of Sigurd I and Borghild Olavsdatter	Christina of Denmark c. 1133 No issue	12 November 1139 Holmengrå Aged 23–23

R	Name Reign	Portrait	Birth, parents	Marriage(s) Issue	Death
I	Harald IV Magnusson^[38] Harald Gille 1130–1136	–	c. 1102 Ireland/Hebrides Alleged illegitimate son of Magnus III	Ingrid of Sweden c. 1134 One son	14 December 1136 Bergen Aged 32–33
	Sigurd II Haraldsson^[39] Sigurd Munn 1136–1155	–	c. 1133 Illegitimate son of Harald IV and Thora Guttormsdatter	Never married	10 June 1155 Bergen Aged 21–22
	Inge I Haraldsson^[40] Inge the Hunchback 1136–1161	–	c. 1135 Only son of Harald IV and Ingrid of Sweden	Never married	4 February 1161 Oslo Aged 25–26
	Eystein II Haraldsson^[41] 1142–1157	–	c. 1125 Shetland/Orkney/Hebrides Illegitimate son of Harald IV and Biadoc	Ragna Nikolasdatter No issue	21 August 1157 Rånrike (now Bohuslän) Aged 31–32
	Magnus (V) Haraldsson^[42]^[43]^[44] 1142–1145	–	c. 1135 Illegitimate son of Harald IV	Never married	c. 1145 Norway
	Haakon II Sigurdsson^[45] Haakon the Broadshouldered 1157–1162	–	c. 1147 Illegitimate son of Sigurd II and Thora	Never married	7 July 1162 Sekken, Romsdalen Aged 14–15

R	Name Reign	Portrait	Birth, parents	Marriage	Death
I	Sverre Sigurdsson^[47] 1184–1202		c. 1151 Bergen Alleged illegitimate son of Sigurd II and Gunnhild	Margaret of Sweden 1185	9 March 1202 Bergen Aged 50–51
	Haakon III Sverresson^[48] 1202–1204	–	Before 1185 Illegitimate son of Sverre	Never married	1 January 1204 Bergen
	Guttorm Sigurdsson^[49] 1204	–	c. 1199 Illegitimate son of Sigurd Lavard	Never married	11 August 1204 Nidaros Aged 4–5

R	Name	Birth	Marriages	Death
I	Haakon IV Haakonsson Haakon the Old 1217–1263	c. 1204 Folkenborg Illegitimate son of Haakon III and Inga of Varteig	Margaret Skulesdatter 25 May 1225 Bergen Four children	16 December 1263 Kirkwall Aged 58–59
	Haakon (V) Haakonsson Haakon the Young 1240–1257	10 November 1232 Bergen Second son of Haakon IV and Margaret Skulesdatter	Rikissa Birgersdotter c. 1251 Oslo One son	5 May 1257 Tønsberg Aged 24
	Magnus VI Haakonsson Magnus the Law-mender 1257–1280	1 May 1238 Tønsberg Third son of Haakon IV and Margaret Skulesdatter	Ingeborg of Denmark 11 September 1261 Bergen Four sons	9 May 1280 Bergen Aged 42
	Eric II Magnusson 1273–1299 Regent: Queen Mother Ingeborg (1280–1283)	c. 1268 Bergen Third son of Magnus VI and Ingeborg of Denmark	(1) Margaret of Scotland September 1281 Bergen One daughter (2) Isabel Bruce bef. 25 September 1293 Bergen One daughter	15 July 1299 Bergen Aged 30–31
	Haakon V Magnusson Haakon Magnusson the Elder 1299–1319	10 April 1270 Tønsberg Fourth son of Magnus VI and Ingeborg of Denmark	(1) Isabelle de Joigny 1295 No issue (2) Euphemia of Rügen c. 1299 One daughter	8 May 1319 Tunsberg Aged 49
R	Interregnum (8 May 1319 - August 1319) Ingeborg of Norway as regent

R	Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
S	Magnus VII Eriksson August 1319 – 15 August 1343 (abdicated) (circa 24 years, 14 days) Regents: Queen Mother Ingeborg (1319–1323) and Erling Vidkunsson (1323–1332)	Non-contemporary	c. 1316 Norway Only son of Eric, Duke of Södermanland and Ingeborg of Norway	Blanche of Namur 5 November 1335 Bohus Castle Two sons	1 December 1374 Lyngholmen Aged 58
S	Haakon VI Magnusson Haakon Magnusson the Younger 15 August 1343 – 11 September 1380 (37 years, 27 days)		15 August 1340 Sweden Second son of Magnus VII and Blanche of Namur	Margaret of Denmark 9 April 1363 Church of Our Lady One son	11 September 1380 Akershus Castle Aged 40
I				Margaret of Denmark 9 April 1363 Church of Our Lady One son	11 September 1380 Akershus Castle Aged 40
D	Olav IV Haakonsson 11 September 1380 –23 August 1387 (6 years, 346 days)	Non-contemporary	December 1370 Akershus Castle Only son of Haakon VI and Margaret I	never married	23 August 1387 Falsterbo Castle Aged 16
R	Interregnum (23 August 1387 – 2 February 1388) Margaret Estridsen as regent

R	Name	Birth	Marriages	Death
I	Eric III 8 September 1389 – 4 June 1442 (deposed) (52 years, 269 days) Regents: Queen Consort Philippa (1423–1425) and Sigurd Jonsson (1439–1442)	c. 1381/82 Rügenwalde Castle Only son of Wartislaw VII, Duke of Pomerania and Mary of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	Philippa of England 26 October 1406 Lund Cathedral No issue	3 May 1459 Rügenwalde Castle Aged 76–78
DS
I

R	Name	Portrait	Birth	Marriages	Death
DS	Christopher 4 June 1442 – 5/6 January 1448 (5 years, 216 days)		26 February 1416 Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz Fifth son of John, Count Palatine of Neumarkt and Catherine of Pomerania	Dorothea of Brandenburg 12 September 1445 Copenhagen No issue	5/6 January 1448 Kärnan Castile Aged 31
R	Interregnum (5/6 January 1448 – 20 November 1449) Sigurd Jonsson as regent

R	Name	Birth	Marriages	Death
DS	Christian I 13 May 1450 – 21 May 1481 (31 years, 8 days)	February 1426 Oldenburg Eldest son of Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg and Helvig of Schauenburg	Dorothea of Brandenburg 28 October 1449 Church of Our Lady Five children	21 May 1481 Copenhagen Castle Aged 55
R	Interregnum (21 May 1481 – 20 July 1483) Jon Svaleson Smør as regent
DS	John 20 July 1483 – 20 February 1513 (29 years, 215 days)	2 February 1455 Aalborghus Castle Third son of Christian I and Dorothea of Brandenburg	Christina of Saxony 6 September 1478 Copenhagen Five children	20 February 1513 Aalborghus Castle Aged 58
DS	Christian II 22 July 1513 – 20 January 1523 (deposed) (9 years, 182 days)	1 July 1481 Nyborg Castle Second son of John and Christina of Saxony	Isabella of Austria 12 August 1515 Copenhagen Six children	25 January 1559 Kalundborg Castle Aged 77
D			Isabella of Austria 12 August 1515 Copenhagen Six children	25 January 1559 Kalundborg Castle Aged 77
R	Interregnum (20 January 1523 – 5 August 1524)
D	Frederick I 5 August 1524 – 10 April 1533 (8 years, 248 days)	7 October 1471 Haderslevhus Castle Fourth son of Christian I and Dorothea of Brandenburg	(1) Anna of Brandenburg 10 April 1502 Stendal Two children (2) Sophie of Pomerania 9 October 1518 Kiel Castle Six children	10 April 1533 Gottorp Castle Aged 61
R	Interregnum (10 April 1533 – 1 April 1537) Olav Engelbrektsson as regent
D	Christian III 1 April 1537 – 1 January 1559 (21 years, 275 days)	12 August 1503 Gottorp Castle Only son of Frederick I and Anna of Brandenburg	Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg 29 October 1525 Lauenburg Castle Five children	1 January 1559 Koldinghus Castle Aged 55
	Frederick II 1 January 1559 – 4 April 1588 (29 years, 94 days)	1 July 1534 Haderslevhus Castle Eldest son of Christian III and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg	Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 20 July 1572 Copenhagen Eight children	4 April 1588 Antvorskov Castle Aged 53
	Christian IV 4 April 1588 – 28 February 1648 (59 years, 330 days) Regency Council led by: Niels Kaas (1588–1594) and Jørgen Rosenkrantz (1594–1596)	12 April 1577 Frederiksborg Palace Eldest son of Frederick II and Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow	(1) Anne Catherine of Brandenburg 27 November 1597 Haderslevhus Castle Seven children (2) Kirsten Munk 31 December 1615 Copenhagen Twelve children	28 February 1648 Rosenborg Castle Aged 70
	Frederick III 6 July 1648 – 9 February 1670 (21 years, 218 days)	18 March 1609 Haderslevhus Castle Third son of Christian IV and Anne Catherine of Brandenburg	Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1 October 1643 Glücksburg Castle Eight children	9 February 1670 Copenhagen Castle Aged 60
	Christian V 9 February 1670 – 25 August 1699 (29 years, 197 days)	15 April 1646 Duborg Castle Eldest son of Frederick III and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg	Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel 25 June 1667 Nykøbing Castle Eight children	25 August 1699 Copenhagen Castle Aged 53
	Frederick IV 25 August 1699 – 12 October 1730 (31 years, 48 days) Regent: Queen Consort Louise (1708–1709)	11 October 1671 Copenhagen Castle Eldest son of Christian V and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel	(1) Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 5 December 1695 Copenhagen Five children (2) Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg 6 September 1703 One son (3) Anne Sophie Reventlow 4 April 1721 Copenhagen Three children	12 October 1730 Odense Palace Aged 59
	Christian VI 12 October 1730 – 6 August 1746 (15 years, 298 days)	30 November 1699 Copenhagen Castle Second son of Frederick IV and Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow	Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach 7 August 1721 Pretzsch Castle Three children	6 August 1746 Hirschholm Palace Aged 46
	Frederick V 6 August 1746 – 14 January 1766 (19 years, 161 days)	31 March 1723 Copenhagen Castle Only son of Christian VI and Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach	(1) Louise of Great Britain 11 December 1743 Altona Five children (2) Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 8 July 1752 Frederiksborg Palace One son	14 January 1766 Christiansborg Palace Aged 42
	Christian VII 14 January 1766 – 13 March 1808 (42 years, 59 days) Regents: Hereditary Prince Frederick (1772–1784) and Crown Prince Frederick (1784–1808)	29 January 1749 Christiansborg Palace Second son of Frederick V and Louise of Great Britain	Caroline Matilda of Great Britain 8 November 1766 Christiansborg Palace Two children	13 March 1808 Rendsburg Aged 59
	Frederick VI 13 March 1808 – 7 February 1814 (abdicated) (5 years, 331 days)	28 January 1768 Christiansborg Palace Only son of Christian VII and Caroline Matilda of Great Britain	Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel 31 July 1790 Gottorp Castle Eight children	3 December 1839 Amalienborg Palace Aged 71
R	Interregnum (7 February 1814 – 17 May 1814) Hereditary Prince Christian Frederick as regent
I	Christian Frederick 17 May 1814 – 14 August 1814 (abdicated) (89 days)	18 September 1786 Christiansborg Palace Eldest son of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway and Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	(1) Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 21 June 1806 Ludwigslust Castle Two sons (2) Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg 22 May 1815 Augustenborg Palace No issue	20 January 1848 Amalienborg Palace Aged 61
R	Interregnum (14 August 1814 – 4 November 1814) Marcus Gjøe Rosenkrantz as Prime Minister

R	Name	Birth	Marriages	Death
S	Charles III John 5 February 1818 – 8 March 1844 (26 years, 32 days)	26 January 1763 Pau Son of Jean Henri Bernadotte and Jeanne de Saint Vincent; Adopted by Charles II on 21 August 1810	Désirée Clary 17 August 1798 Sceaux One son	8 March 1844 Stockholm Palace Aged 81
	Oscar I 8 March 1844 – 8 July 1859 (15 years, 122 days) Regent: Crown Prince Charles (1857–1859)	4 July 1799 Paris Only son of Charles III John and Désirée Clary	Josephine of Leuchtenberg 19 June 1823 Stockholm Cathedral Five children	8 July 1859 Stockholm Palace Aged 60
	Charles IV 8 July 1859 – 18 September 1872 (13 years, 102 days)	3 May 1826 Stockholm Palace Eldest son of Oscar I and Josephine of Leuchtenberg	Louise of the Netherlands 19 June 1850 Stockholm Cathedral Two children	18 September 1872 Malmö Aged 46
	Oscar II 18 September 1872 – 7 June (deposed) or 26 October 1905 (abdicated) (32 years, 262 days or 33 years, 38 days)	21 January 1829 Stockholm Palace Third son of Oscar I and Josephine of Leuchtenberg	Sophia of Nassau 6 June 1857 Biebrich Palace Four children	8 December 1907 Stockholm Palace Aged 78
R	Dissolution of the Union (7 June 1905 – 26 October 1905) Interregnum (26 October 1905 – 18 November 1905) Christian Michelsen as Prime Minister

R	Name	Birth	Marriages	Death
I	Haakon VII 18 November 1905 – 21 September 1957 (51 years, 307 days) Regent: Crown Prince Olav (1955 – 1957)	3 August 1872 Charlottenlund, Denmark Second son of Frederik VIII of Denmark and Louise of Sweden	Maud of Wales 22 July 1896 1 son	21 September 1957 Oslo (85 years, 49 days)
	Olav V 21 September 1957 – 17 January 1991 (33 years, 118 days) Regent: Crown Prince Harald (1958, 1990 – 1991)	2 July 1903 Norfolk, England Only son of Haakon VII and Maud of Wales	Märtha of Sweden 21 March 1929 3 children	17 January 1991 Oslo (87 years, 199 days)
	Harald V 17 January 1991 – Present (33 years, 95 days) Regent: Crown Prince Haakon Magnus (2003 – 2004, 2005, 2020, 2024)	21 February 1937 Asker Only son of Olav V and Princess Märtha of Sweden	Sonja Haraldsen 29 August 1968 2 children	Alive (87 years, 60 days)