List_of_Indian_monarchs

Kingdom of Tripura
Kingdom of Tripura
Part of History of Tripura
Maha Manikya	c. 1400–1431
Kings of Tripura
Maha Manikya	c. 1400–1431
Dharma Manikya I	1431–1462
Ratna Manikya I	1462–1487
Pratap Manikya	1487
Vijaya Manikya I	1488
Mukut Manikya	1489
Dhanya Manikya	1490–1515
Dhwaja Manikya	1515–1520
Deva Manikya	1520–1530
Indra Manikya I	1530–1532
Vijaya Manikya II	1532–1563
Ananta Manikya	1563–1567
Udai Manikya I	1567–1573
Joy Manikya I	1573–1577
Amar Manikya	1577–1585
Rajdhar Manikya I	1586–1600
Ishwar Manikya	1600
Yashodhar Manikya	1600–1623
Interregnum	1623–1626
Kalyan Manikya	1626–1660
Govinda Manikya	1660–1661
Chhatra Manikya	1661–1667
Govinda Manikya	1661–1673
Rama Manikya	1673–1685
Ratna Manikya II	1685–1693
Narendra Manikya	1693–1695
Ratna Manikya II	1695–1712
Mahendra Manikya	1712–1714
Dharma Manikya II	1714–1725
Jagat Manikya	1725–1729
Dharma Manikya II	1729
Mukunda Manikya	1729–1739
Joy Manikya II	c. 1739–1744
Indra Manikya II	c. 1744–1746
Udai Manikya II	c. 1744
Joy Manikya II	1746
Vijaya Manikya III	1746–1748
Lakshman Manikya	1740s/1750s
Interregnum	1750s–1760
Krishna Manikya	1760–1783
Rajdhar Manikya II	1785–1806
Rama Ganga Manikya	1806–1809
Durga Manikya	1809–1813
Rama Ganga Manikya	1813–1826
Kashi Chandra Manikya	1826–1829
Krishna Kishore Manikya	1829–1849
Ishan Chandra Manikya	1849–1862
Bir Chandra Manikya	1862–1896
Birendra Kishore Manikya	1909–1923
Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya	1923–1947
Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya	1947–1949; 1949–1978 (titular)
Kirit Pradyot Manikya	1978–present (titular)
Tripura monarchy data
	Manikya dynasty (Royal family)
	Agartala (Capital of the kingdom)
	Ujjayanta Palace (Royal residence)
	Neermahal (Royal residence)
	Rajmala (Royal chronicle)
	Tripura Buranji (Chronicle)
	Chaturdasa Devata (Family deities)
	v; t; e;

List of Indian monarchs

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This article is a list of the various dynasties and monarchs that have ruled in the Indian subcontinent and it is one of several lists of incumbents.

The earliest Indian rulers are known from epigraphical sources found in archeological inscriptions on Ashokan edicts^[1]^[2] written in Pali language and using brahmi script. They are also known from the literary sources like Sanskrit literature, Jain literature and Buddhist literature in context of literary sources. Archaeological sources include archeological remains in Indian subcontinent which give many details about earlier kingdoms, monarchs, and their interactions with each other.

Early types of historic documentation include metal coins with an indication of the ruler, or at least the dynasty, at the time. These Punch-marked coins were issued around 600s BCE and are found in abundance from the Maurya Empire in 300s BCE. There are also stone inscriptions and documentary records from foreign cultures from around this time. The main imperial or quasi-imperial rulers of North India are fairly clear from this point on, but many local rulers, and the situation in the Deccan and South India has less clear stone inscriptions from early centuries. Main sources of South Indian history is Sangam Literature dated from 300s BCE. Time period of ancient Indian rulers is speculative, or at least uncertain.

Iron Age Kingdoms (c. 2000s BCE – 200s BCE)

Classical Period (c. 200s BCE – c. 550s CE)

Early Medieval Period (c. 550s CE – c. 1200s CE)

Late Medieval Period (c. 1200s CE – c. 1500s CE)

Early Modern Period (c. 1500s CE – 1850s CE)

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[216] Victoria's husband Prince Albert died on 14 December 1861.

[217] Edward VIII abdicated after less than one year of reign.

[220] A durbar was deemed expensive and impractical due to poverty and demands for independence.^[217]

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Sarkar (1994, p. 259)

[138] [138]
Sarkar (1994, p. 260)

[139] [139]
Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10

[140] [140]
Prasad (1966, pp. 1–3)

[FOOTNOTEStein1989b433-141] [141]
Stein 1989b, p. 433.

[FOOTNOTEThakur1990287-142] [142]
Thakur 1990, p. 287.

[FOOTNOTETucci195666-143] [143]
Tucci 1956, p. 66.

[FOOTNOTESen1999272-144] [144]
Sen 1999, p. 272.

[FOOTNOTENiyogi1959115–117-145] [145]
Niyogi 1959, pp. 115–117.

[FOOTNOTENiyogi195938-146] [146]
Niyogi 1959, p. 38.

[FOOTNOTENiyogi195941-147] [147]
Niyogi 1959, p. 41.

[Visit-148] [148]
Hodgson, B. H. (1835). "Account of a Visit to the Ruins of Simroun, once the capital of the Mithila province". Journal of the Asiatic Society. 4: 121−124.

[Mithila-149] [149]
Chaudhary, Radhakrishna. Mithilak Itihas (in Hindi). Ram Vilas Sahu. pp. 70–112. ISBN 9789380538280.

[150] [150]
Jodhpur's Umaid Bhawan: The Maharaja of Palaces, by Aman Nath. Published by India Book House, 2008.

[151] [151]
Gogoi records that Sukhrangphaa died without leaving a son and the two ministers administered the kingdom without a king for five years (Gogoi 1968, p. 273). Gait and others do not record this (Gait 1906, p. 358), though Baruah does (Baruah 1993, p. 282)

[152] [152]
Sutuphaa was the younger brother of Sukhrangphaa, who was settled in a village called Lahanjing. He was invited by the Burhagohain and Borgohain to become the king and he set up his seat at Chapagurinagar (Gogoi 1968, p. 273)

[153] [153]
Sukhramphaa was assassinated by the king of the Chutiya kingdom on a barge ride on Suffry river (Gogoi 1968:273).

[154] [154]
Sukhangphaa and his chief queen were deposed and executed by the ministers for their autocratic rule (Gogoi 1968:274).

[155] [155]
Sudangphaa Bamuni Konwar was born to the second queen of Tyao Khamti in a Brahmin household of Habung (Gogoi 1968:274–275).

[156] [156]
Suhenphaa was speared to death in his palace by a Tai-Turung chief in revenge for being accused of theft (Gogoi 1968:282).

[157] [157]
Suhungmung was assassinated by a palace staff in a plot engineered by his son, Suklenmung (Gogoi 1968:309).

[158] [158]
Suramphaa was deposed by the ministers when he insisted on burying alive a son of each minister in the tomb of his dead step-son (Gogoi 1968:386). He was later murdered on the instructions of his nephew, the son of his brother and succeeding Swargadeo.

[159] [159]
Sutingphaa was a sickly king (Noriaya Raja), who participated in an intrigue by his chief queen to install a prince unpopular with the ministers. He was deposed and later murdered on the instructions of his son and successor king Sutamla (Gogoi 1968:391–392).

[160] [160]
Supangmung was grandson of Suleng (Deo Raja), the second son of Suhungmung (Gogoi 1968:448).

[161] [161]
The Maju Gohain, the brother of Chakradhwaj Singha, became the king. (Gogoi 1968, p. 470)

[162] [162]
Udayaaditya Sinha's palace was stormed by his brother (and successor king) with a thousand-strong contingent of men led by Lasham Debera, and the king was executed the next day. Udayaaditya's religious fanaticism under the influence of a godman had made him unpopular, and the three great gohains implicitly supported this group (Gogoi 1968:479–482). This event started a very unstable nine-year period of weak kings, dominated by Debera Borbarua, Atan Burhagohain and Laluk-sola Borphukan in succession. This period ended with the accession of Gadadhar Singha.

[163] [163]
Ramadhwaj Sinha was poisoned on the instructions of Debera Borbarua when he tried to assert his authority (Gogoi 1968:484).

[164] [164]
Deyell, John S. Ahom Language Coins of Assam.

[165] [165]
The Samaguria raja was deposed by Debera Borbarua, the de facto ruler, and later executed, along with his queen and her brother (Gogoi 1968:486).

[166] [166]
Gobar Rojaa was the son of Saranga, the son of Suten, the son of Suhungmung Dihingiya Roja.

[167] [167]
Gobar Raja was deposed and executed by the Saraighatias (the commanders of Saraighat/Guwahati), led by Atan Burhagohain (Gogoi 1968:486–488). Their target was the de facto ruler, Debera Borbarua, who was also executed.

[168] [168]
After Ramdhwaj Singha, Chamaguriya Khamjang Konwar alias Shujinpha ruled only 20 days from 10 April 1674 (e.i. Lakni Kat plao (or 26th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) and on 30 April he was killed. There after Tungkhongiya Gobar Raja rose only 12 ruled. Both were killed by the powerful minister Debera Baruah. After Gobar Raja two more princes rose only for another 12 days who are not recorded in chronicles. The title of Suhung is suitable for Dihingia Arjun Konwar, who minted coins and ruled more than six months and the minted year 1675 is his rising year (e.i. Lakni khut ni (or 27th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) -- (Phukan, J.N. (1987). Reattribution of the Coins of Suhung)

[169] [169]
Dihingia Arjun Konwar tried to assert control by moving against the de facto ruler, Atan Burhagohain, but was routed in a skirmish. Sujinphaa was blinded and held captive when he committed suicide by striking his head against a stone (Gogoi 1968:489).

[170] [170]
Sudoiphaa was the grandson of Suhungmung's third son, Suteng (Gogoi 1968:490).

[171] [171]
Sudoiphaa was deposed by Laluk-sola Borphukan, who styled himself as the Burhaphukan, and later executed. Atan Burhagohain, the powerful minister, had been executed earlier (Gogoi 1968:492–493).

[172] [172]
Sulikphaa Lora Roja was deposed and then executed by Gadadhar Singha (Gogoi 1968:496–497).

[173] [173]
Kamaleswar Singha was installed as the king by Purnananda Burhagohain when he was still an infant. He was the son of Kadam Dighala, the son of Ayusut, the son of Lechai, the second son of Gadadhar Singha. Kadam Dighala, who could not become the king because of physical blemishes, was an important influence during the reign (Baruah 1993:148–150).

[purandar-accession-174] [174]
Chandrakanta Singha was deposed by Ruchinath Burhagohain, mutilated and confined as a prisoner near Jorhat (Baruah 1993:221). The Burhagohain choose Brajanath, a descendant of Suremphaa Pramatta Singha, as the king and coins were struck in the new king's name, but it was discovered that he had mutilations on his person and his son, Purandar Singha, was instated instead (Gait 1906:223).

[175] [175]
Purandar Singha's forces under Jaganath Dhekial Phukan defeated the forces led by the Burmese general Kee-Woomingee (Kiamingi or Alumingi Borgohain) on 15 February 1819, but due to a strategic mistake Jorhat fell into Burmese hands. Kiamingi brought back Chandrakanta Singha and installed him the king (Baruah 1993:221–222).

[176] [176]
Chandrakanta Singha fled to Guwahati when the army of Bagyidaw king of Burma, led by Mingimaha Tilwa, approached Jorhat (Baruah 1993:223).

[177] [177]
Jogeshwar Singha was the brother of Hemo Aideu, one of the queens of Bagyidaw. He was installed as the king by Mingimaha Tilwa (Baruah 1993:223).

[178] [178]
Jogeshwar Singha was removed from all pretense of power and Mingimaha Tilwa was declared the "Raja of Assam" toward the end of June 1822 (Baruah 1993:225).

[179] [179]
Purandar Singha was set up by the East India Company as the tributary Raja of Upper Assam (Baruah 1993:244).

[180] [180]
"genealogy of the royal house of jaffna". Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2021.

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Suresh K. Sharma, Documents on North-East India: Tripura, pp. 93-95

[182] [182]
Talbot, Cynthia (2001). Pre-colonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford University Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-19803-123-9.

[183] [183]
The list presented for the Gingee line follows Srinivasachari, which takes chronicles mentioned in copper plate grants into account and notes governorship of Gingee began in Saka era 1386 / CE 1464.

[184] [184]
"History of Shimoga District, page 16" (PDF). District Gazette of Shimoga, Gazetteer Department, Government of Karnataka. Retrieved 8 August 2015.

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Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2009). Sadashiva Nayaka reign. ISBN 9780871843081. Retrieved 30 June 2015.

[186] [186]
Portuguese Studies Review (ISSN 1057-1515) (Baywolf Press) p.34

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Portuguese Studies Review (ISSN 1057-1515) (Baywolf Press) p.35

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The quarterly journal of the Mythic society Vol.XI. Bangalore: The Mythic Society, Daly Memorial Hall. 1921. pp. 47–48.:”Venkatappa. ruled from 1504 to 1551. His son Bhadrappa died before him. During his reign the Moghals under Ranadullakhan seized Ikkeri and set up a, viceroy there. Then Virabhadrappa Nayaka ascended the Gadi and -retiring to Bidarur ruled over his country more peacefully than before. His rule lasted for 15 years from 1551 to 1566. During his reign the rule of Vokkaligas came to an end and was replaced by the rule of Banajigas”

[189] [189]
"BUCHANAN, Francis, A journey from Madras through the countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar, Vol 111, 1807, p.254"

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Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813 by Jaswant Lal Mehta p.458

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Somasekhara Sarma, Mallampalli (1946). History of the Reddi Kingdoms (Circa. 1325 A.D., to circa. 144B A.D.). Waltair: Andhra University. p. 81.: "How this discrepancy arose and why such a wrong account was given in the Kaluvaceru grant is a mystery which is yet to be unravelled."

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Rama Rao, M. (1947). "The Fall of Warangal and After". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 10: 295. JSTOR 44137150. It is thus impossible that Prolaya Vema could at any time have been a subordinate of the Musunuri chiefs.

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Howes, Jennifer (1 January 1998). The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship. Psychology Press. p. 28. ISBN 07-0071-585-1.

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Rao, Velcheru Narayana; Shulman, David; Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1998). Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamil Nadu. Oxford University Press. p. 18.

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Jha, Makhan (1997). Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 155–157. ISBN 9788175330344.

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Love Songs of Vidyāpati. Translated by Bhattacharya, Deben. London: G. Allen & Unwin. 1963.

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Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish (1915). Vidyāpati: Bangīya Padābali; Songs of the Love of Rādhā and Krishna. London: The Old Bourne Press.

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Dhere, Ramchandra (2011). Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research. Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 243. ISBN 9780199777648.

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Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty (1984). Gwalior Fort: art, culture, and history. Arnold-Heinemann. pp. 98–116. ISBN 978-0-391-03223-1.

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B. D. Misra (1993). Forts and fortresses of Gwalior and its hinterland. Manohar. pp. 27–46. ISBN 978-81-7304-047-4.

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Kishori Saran Lal (1963). Twilight of the Sultanate. Asia Publishing House. p. 6. OCLC 500687579.

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Sant Lal Katare (1975). "Two Gangolatal, Gwalior, Inscriptions of the Tomara Kings of Gwalior". Journal of the Oriental Institute. XXIII. Oriental Institute, Maharajah Sayajirao University: 346.

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"Princess Daisy of Pless: The Happy Years. An exhibition at Castle Pless". www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk.

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Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Brihadratha	1700–1680 BCE
Jarasandha	1680–1665 BCE
Sahadeva	1665–1661 BCE
Somadhi	1661–1603 BCE
Srutasravas	1603–1539 BCE
Ayutayus	1539–1503 BCE
Niramitra	1503–1463 BCE
Sukshatra	1463–1405 BCE
Brihatkarman	1405–1382 BCE
Senajit	1382–1332 BCE
Srutanjaya	1332–1292 BCE
Vipra	1292–1257 BCE
Suchi	1257–1199 BCE
Kshemya	1199–1171 BCE
Subrata	1171–1107 BCE
Dharma	1107–1043 BCE
Susuma	1043–970 BCE
Dridhasena	970–912 BCE
Sumati	912–879 BCE
Subala	879–857 BCE
Sunita	857–817 BCE
Satyajit	817–767 BCE
Viswajit	767–732 BCE
Ripunjaya	732–682 BCE

Ruler	Reign (BCE)	Period
Pradyota Mahasena	682–659 BCE	23
Palaka	659–635 BCE	24
Visakhayupa	635–585 BCE	50
Ajaka	585–564 BCE	21
Varttivarddhana	564–544 BCE	20

Ruler	Reign^[5]	Ascension year	Notes
Gonanda III	35 years	1175 BCE	Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. (I.191) He belonged to Rama's lineage, and restored the Nāga rites
Vibhishana I	53 years, 6 months	1147 BCE
Indrajit	35 years	1094 BCE
Ravana	30 years, 6 months	–	A Shivalinga attributed to Ravana could still be seen at the time of Kalhana.
Vibhishana II	35 years, 6 months	1058 BCE
Nara I (Kinnara)	40 years, 9 months	1023 BCE	His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. He tried to abduct a Nāga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. Because of this, the Nāga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire.
Siddha	60 years	983 BCE	Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nāga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. He was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic lifestyle.
Utpalaksha	30 years, 6 months	923 BCE	Son of Siddha
Hiranyaksha	37 years, 7 months	893 BCE	Son of Utpalaksha
Hiranyakula	60 years	855 BCE	Son of Hiranyaksha
Vasukula (Mukula)	60 years	795 BCE	Son of Hiranyakula. During his reign, the Mlechchhas (possibly Hunas) overran Kashmir.
Mihirakula	70 years	735 BCE	According to historical evidence, Mihirakula's predecessor was Toramana. Kalhana mentions a king called Toramana, but places him much later, in Book 3.^[6] According to Kalhana, Mihirakula was a cruel ruler who ordered killings of a large number of people, including children, women and elders. He invaded the Sinhala Kingdom, and replaced their king with a cruel man. As he passed through Chola, Karnata and other kingdoms on his way back to Kashmir, the rulers of these kingdoms fled their capitals and returned only after he had gone away. On his return to Kashmir, he ordered killings of 100 elephants, who had been startled by the cries of a fallen elephant. Once, Mihirakula dreamt that a particular stone could be moved only by a chaste woman. He put this to test: the women who were unable to move the stone were killed, along with their husbands, sons and brothers. He was supported by some immoral Brahmins. In his old age, the king committed self-immolation.
Vaka (Baka)	63 years, 18 days	665 BCE	A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons.
Kshitinanda	30 years	602 BCE	The only surviving child of Vaka
Vasunanda	52 years, 2 months	572 BCE	"Originator of the science of love"
Nara II	60 years	520 BCE	Son of Vasunanda
Aksha	60 years	460 BCE	Son of Nara II
Gopaditya	60 years, 6 days	400 BCE	Son of Aksha. Gave lands to Brahmins. Expelled several irreligious Brahmins who used to eat garlic (non-Sattvic diet); in their place, he brought others from foreign countries.
Gokarna	57 years, 11 months	340 BCE	Son of Gopaditya
Narendraditya I (Khingkhila)	36 years, 3 months, 10 days	282 BCE	Son of Gokarna
Yudhisthira I	34 years, 5 months, 1 day	246 BCE to 167 BCE	Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. His descendant Meghavahana later restored the dynasty's rule.

Ruler	Reign^[5]	Ascension year	Notes
Pratapaditya I	32 years	167 BCE	Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6).
Jalauka	32 years	135 BCE	Son of Pratapaditya
Tungjina I	36 years	103 BCE	Shared the administration with his queen. The couple sheltered their citizens in the royal palace during a severe famine resulting from heavy frost. After his death, the queen committed sati. The couple died childless.
Vijaya	8 years	67 BCE	From a different dynasty than Tungjina.
Jayendra	37 years	59 BCE	Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. Sandhimati remained in prison for 10 years. In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. He died after hearing about the false news of Sandhimati's death.
Sandhimati	47 years	22 BCE to 25 CE	Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new ruler. He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. He was a devout Shaivite, and his reign was marked by peace. He filled his court with rishis (sages), and spent his time in forest retreats. Therefore, his ministers replaced him with Meghavahana, a descendant of Yudhishthira I. He willingly gave up the throne.

Ruler	Reign^[5]	Ascension year	Notes
Meghavahana	34 years	25 CE	Possible coinage of Meghavahana. Obverse: Shiva Pashupati ("Lord of the Beasts"), making a mudra gesture with right hand and holding filleted trident; behind, a lioness or tiger. Trace of legend Meghana... in Brahmi. Reverse: Goddess seated facing on lotus, holding lotus in both hand, Kidara monogram to left, Jaya in Brahmi to right. Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.^[7] Meghavahana was the son of Yudhisthira I's great-grandson, who had been granted asylum by Gopaditya, the king of Gandhara. Meghavahana had been selected the husband of a Vaishnavite princess at a Swayamvara in another kingdom. The ministers of Kashmir brought him to Kashmir after Sandhimati proved to be an unwilling king. Meghavahana banned animal slaughter and compensated those who earned their living through hunting. He patrnozed Brahmins, and set up a monastery. His queens built Buddhist viharas and monasteries. He subdued kings in regions as far as Sinhala Kingdom, forcing them to abandon animal slaughter.
Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II)	30 years	59 CE	Son of Meghavahana
Hiranya	30 years, 2 months	89 CE	Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. The king imprisoned Toramana, when the latter stuck royal coins in his own name. Toramana's son Pravarasena, who had been brought up in secrecy by his mother Anjana, freed him. Hiranya died childless. Several coins of a king named Toramana have been found in the Kashmir region. This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.^[6]
Matrigupta	4 years, 9 months, 1 day	120 CE	According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of Ujjayini defeated the Shakas, and made his friend and poet Matrigupta the ruler of Kashmir. After Vikramaditya's death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606–47 CE).^[8] The latter is identified with Shiladitya mentioned in Xuanzang's account. However, according to M. A. Stein, Kalhana's Vikramaditya is another Shiladitya mentioned in Xuanzang's account: a king of Malwa around 580 CE.^[9]
Pravarasena II	60 years	125 CE	Coinage of Pravarasena, supposed founder of Srinagar. Obverse: Standing king with two figured seated below. Name "Pravarasena". Reverse: goddess seated on a lion. Legend "Kidāra". Circa 6th-early 7th century CE.^[7] Historical evidence suggests that a king named Pravarasena ruled Kashmir in the 6th century CE.^[6] According to Kalhana, Pravarasena subdued many other kings, in lands as far as Saurashtra. He restored the rule of Vikramaditya's son Pratapshila (alias Shiladitya), who had been expelled from Ujjain by his enemies. Pratapshila agreed to be a vassal of Pravarasena after initial resistance. He founded a city called Pravarapura, which is identified by later historians as the modern city of Srinagar on the basis topographical details.^[10]
Yudhishthira II	39 years, 8 months	185 CE	Son of Pravarasena
Narendraditya I (Lakshmana)	13 years	206 CE	Son of Yudhishthira II and Padmavati
Ranaditya I (Tungjina III)	42 years	219 CE	Sri Tujina. Circa 7th century CE, Kashmir.^[7] Younger brother of Narendraditya. His queen Ranarambha was an incarnation of Bhramaravasini. The Chola king Ratisena had found her among the waves, during an ocean worship ritual.
Vikramaditya	42 years	267 CE	Son of Ranaditya
Baladitya	36 years, 8 months	309 to 345 CE	Younger brother of Vikramaditya. He subdued several enemies. An astrologer prophesied that his son-in-law would succeed him as the king. To avoid this outcome, the king married his daughter Anangalekha to Durlabhavardhana, a handsome but non-royal man from Ashvaghama Kayastha caste.

Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Bimbisara	544–491 BCE
Ajatashatru	491–461 BCE
Udayin	461–428 BCE
Anirudha	428–419 BCE
Munda	419–417 BCE
Darshaka	417–415 BCE
Nāgadāsaka	415–413 BCE

Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Shishunaga	413–395 BCE
Kalashoka	395–377 BCE
Kshemadharman	377–365 BCE
Kshatraujas	365–355 BCE
Nandivardhana	355–349 BCE
Mahanandin	349–345 BCE

Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Mahapadma Nanda	345–340 BCE
Pandukananda	340–339 BCE
Pandugatinanda	339–338 BCE
Bhutapalananda	338–337 BCE
Rashtrapalananada	337–336 BCE
Govishanakananda	336–335 BCE
Dashasiddhakananda	335–334 BCE
Kaivartananda	334–329 BCE
Dhana Nanda	329–321 BCE

Ruler		Reign
Chandragupta Maurya		322–297 BCE
Bindusara		297–273 BCE
Ashoka		268–232 BCE
Dasharatha Maurya		232–224 BCE
Samprati		224–215 BCE
Shalishuka		215–202 BCE
Devavarman		202–195 BCE
Shatadhanvan		195–187 BCE
Brihadratha		187–184 BCE

Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Pushyamitra Shunga	185–149 BCE
Agnimitra	149–141 BCE
Vasujyeshtha	141–131 BCE
Vasumitra	131–124 BCE
Bhadraka	124–122 BCE
Pulindaka	122–119 BCE
Ghosha	119–108 BCE
Vajramitra	108–94 BCE
Bhagabhadra	94–83 BCE
Devabhuti	83–73 BCE

Ruler	Reign	Period
Vasudeva Kanva	73–64 BCE	9
Bhumimitra	64–50 BCE	14
Narayana	50–38 BCE	12
Susarman	38–28 BCE	10

Ruler	Reign	Notes
Vijayalaya Chola	848–870	Founder of the Chola Empire, and descendant of the Early Cholas.
Aditya I	870–907
Parantaka I	907–955
Gandaraditya	955–957	Ruled jointly.
Arinjaya	956–957	Ruled jointly.
Parantaka II	957–970
Uttama	970–985
Rajaraja I the Great	985–1014
Rajendra I	1014–1018
Rajadhiraja I	1018–1054
Rajendra II	1054–1063
Rajamehendra	1060-1063
Virarajendra	1063–1070
Athirajendra	1070	Left no heirs.
Kulothunga I	1070–1122	Son of Amangai Devi Chola, daughter of Rajendra I, and Rajaraja Narendra, ruler of Eastern Chalukya dynasty. Kolothunga's reign started the period which was known as Chalukya-Chola dynasty or simply Later Cholas.
Vikrama	1122–1135
Kulothunga II	1135–1150	Grandson of the previous.
Rajaraja II	1150–1173
Rajadhiraja II	1173–1178	Grandson of king Vikrama Chola.
Kulothunga III	1178–1218
Rajaraja III	1218–1256
Rajendra III	1256–1279	Last Chola ruler, defeated by the Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I of the Pandya dynasty. After the war, the remaining Chola royal bloods were reduced to the state of being chieftains by the Pandyan forces.

Name	Birth	Death	Ruler From (in BCE)	Ruler Until (in BCE)	Marriages	Claim
Vijaya	? Sinhapura son of Sinhabahu, and Sinhasivali	505 Tambapanni	543	505	Kuveni two children Pandu Princess	Founded Kingdom Marriage to Kuveni
Upatissa (regent)	-	-	505	504		Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister
Panduvasdeva	-	-	504	474		Nephew of Vijaya
Abhaya	-	-	474	454		Son of Panduvasdeva
Tissa (regent)	-	-	454	437		Younger brother of Abhaya

S. No	Ruler	Reign
1	Simuka	(r. 228 – 205 BCE)
2	Krishna	(r. 205 – 187 BCE)
3	Satakarni I	(r. 187 – 177 BCE)
4	Purnotsanga	(r. 177 – 159 BCE)
5	Skandhastambhi	(r. 159 – 141 BCE)
6	Satakarni II	(r. 141 – 85 BCE)
7	Lambodara	(r. 85 – 67 BCE)
8	Apilaka	(r. 67 – 55 BCE)
9	Meghasvati	(r. 55 – 37 BCE)
10	Svati	(r. 37 – 19 BCE)
11	Skandasvati	(r. 19 – 12 BCE)
12	Mrigendra Satakarni	(r. 12 – 9 BCE)
13	Kunatala Satakarni	(r. 9 – 1 BCE)
14	Satakarni III	(r. 1 BCE – 1 CE)
15	Pulumavi I	(r. 1 – 36 CE)
16	Gaura Krishna	(r. 36 – 61 CE)
17	Hāla	(r. 61 – 66 CE)
18	Mandalaka aka Puttalaka or Pulumavi II	(r. 69 – 71 CE)
19	Purindrasena	(r. 71 – 76 CE)
20	Sundara Satakarni	(r. 76 – 77 CE)
21	Chakora Satakarni	(r. 77 – 78 CE)
22	Shivasvati	(r. 78 – 106 CE)
23	Gautamiputra Satkarni	(r. 106 – 130 CE)
24	Vasisthiputra aka Pulumavi III	(r. 130 – 158 CE)
25	Shiva Sri Satakarni	(r. 158 – 165 CE)
26	Shivaskanda Satakarni	(r. 165–172)
27	Sri Yajna Satakarni	(r. 172 – 201 CE)
28	Vijaya Satakarni	(r. 201 – 207 CE)
29	Chandra Sri Satakarni	(r. 207 – 214 CE)
30	Pulumavi IV	(r. 217 – 224 CE)

Ruler	Reign	Notes
Heraios	1–30	King or clan chief of the Kushans. Founder of the dynasty.
Kujula Kadphises	30–80	United the Yuezhi confederation during the 1st century, and became the first Kushan emperor.
Vima Takto Soter Megas	80–90	Alias The Great Saviour. His empire covered northwestern Gandhara and greater Bactria towards China, where Kushan presence has been asserted in the Tarim Basin. Under his reign, embassies were also sent to the Chinese court.
Vima Kadphises	90–127	The first great Kushan emperor. He introduced gold coinage, in addition to the existing copper and silver coinage. Most of the gold seems to have been obtained through trade with the Roman Empire.
Kanishka I the Great	127–144	Came to rule an empire in Bactria extending to Pataliputra on the Gangetic plain. His conquests and patronage of Buddhism played an important role in the development of the Silk Road, and in the transmission of Mahayana Buddhism from Gandhara across the Karakoram range to China.
Huvishka	144–191	His rule was a period of retrenchment and consolidation for the Empire.
Vasudeva I	191–232	He was the last great Kushan emperor, and the end of his rule coincides with the invasion of the Sassanians as far as northwestern India, and the establishment of the Indo-Sassanians or Kushanshahs from around 240.
Kanishka II	232–245	It is likely he lost part of his empire to the Kushano-Sassanians.
Vashishka	245–250
Kanishka III	250–275
Vasudeva II	275–310
Chhu	310–325
Vasudeva III	c.300?	Kings whose existence is uncertain.
Vasudeva IV
Vasudeva V
Shaka Kushan/Shaka I	325–350
Kipunada	350–375	May have been a subject of Samudragupta from Gupta Empire.

List of Magadha dynasty rulers
Ruler
King Magadha
Sudhanva, (Nephew of King Magadha and son of King Kuru II)
Sudhanu
Suhotra
Chyavana
Chavana
Kritri
Kriti
Krita
Kritayagya
Kritavirya
Kritasena
Kritaka
Uparichara Vasu

List of Gonanda dynasty I rulers
Ruler
Gonanda I
Damodara I
Yashovati
Gonanda II
35 kings (names lost)
Lava
Kusheshaya
Khagendra
Surendra
Godhara
Suvarna
Janaka
Shachinara
Ashoka (Gonandiya)
Jalauka
Damodara II
Abhimanyu I

List of Chandra dynasty Rulers
#	King	Period	Reign (CE)
1	Chandrodaya	27	202–229
2	Annaveta	5	229–234
3	Chandra	77	234–311
4	Rimbhiappa	23	311–334
5	Kuverami (Queen)	7	334–341
6	Umavira	20	341–361
7	Jugna	7	361–368
8	Lanki	2	368–370
9	Dvenchandra	55	370–425
10	Rajachandra	20	425–445
11	Kalachandra	9	445–454
12	Devachandra	22	454–476
13	Yajnachandra	7	476–483
14	Chandrabandu	6	483–489
15	Bhumichandra	7	489–496
16	Bhutichandra	24	496–520
17	Nitichandra	55	520–575
18	Virachandra	3	575–578
19	Pritichandra	12	578-90
20	Prithvichandra	7	590–597
21	Dhirtichandra	3	597–600
22	Mahavira	12	600-12
23	Virayajap	12	612-24
24	Sevinren	12	624-36
25	Dharmasura	13	636-49
26	Vajrashakti	16	649-65
27	Dharmavijaya	36	665–701
28	Narendravijaya	2 yr 9 months	701–703
29	Dharmachandra	16	703–720
30	Anandachandra	9+	720-729+
Harikela Dynasty
1	Traillokyachandra	30	900–930
2	Srichandra	45	930–975
3	Kalyanachandra	25	975–1000
4	Ladahachandra	20	1000–1020
5	Govindachandra	30	1020–1050

Ruler		Reign
Srigupta		240–290
Ghatotkacha		290–320
Chandragupta I		320–325
Samudragupta		325–375
Kacha		4th-century
Ramagupta		375–380
Chandragupta II Vikramaditya		380–415
Kumaragupta I		415–455
Skandagupta		455–467
Purugupta		467–472
Kumaragupta II Kramaditya		472–479
Buddhagupta		479–496
Narasimhagupta Baladitya		496–530
Kumaragupta III		530–540
Vishnugupta Candraditya		540–550
Bhanugupta		?

Nu.	King	Reign (CE)
1	Krishna-gupta	c. 490–505
2	Harsha-gupta	c. 505–525
3	Jivita-gupta I	c. 525–550
4	Kumara-gupta	c. 550–560
5	Damodara-gupta	c. 560–562
6	Mahasena-gupta	c. 562–601
7	Madhava-gupta	c. 601–655
8	Aditya-sena	c. 655–680
9	Deva-gupta	c. 680–700
10	Vishnu-gupta	c. 700–725
11	Jivita-gupta II	c. 725–750

Ruler	Reign	Capital	Notes
Vindhyashakti	250-275	Vatsagulma	Founder of the Vakataka Empire and dynasty.
Pravarasena I	275-330	Vatsagulma	After his death, his sons divided the empire: Rudrasena took the northern half, and Sarvasena the southern (with the original capital)
Rudrasena I	330-360	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)	Son of Pravarasena, took the northern part of the realm.
Sarvasena I	330-355	Vatsagulma (Southern)	Son of Pravarasena, took the southern part of the realm.
Vindhyasena	355-400	Vatsagulma (Southern)
Prithivishena I	360-385	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Rudrasena II	385-390	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Regency of Prabhavatigupta (390-410)			Ruled under regency of his mother (daughter of Chandragupta II). The regency coincided with the zenith of the Gupta Empire, which also extended influence into the Vakataka realms.
Divakarasena	390-410	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Pravarasena II	400-415	Vatsagulma (Southern)
Damodarasena	410-420	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Sarvasena II	415-455	Vatsagulma (Southern)
Pravarasena II	430-440	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Narendrasena	440-460	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Devasena	455-480	Vatsagulma (Southern)
Prithivishena II	460-480	Pravapura and Nandivardhana (Northern)
Harishena	480-510	Vatsagulma (Southern)

Nu.	King	Reign (CE) (disputed)
Former Pallava
1	Simhavarman I	c. 275–300
2	Sivaskandavarman	c. 300–330
3	Skandavarman I	c. 330–340
Middle Pallava
4	Vishnugopa	c. 340–360
5	Skandavarman II	c. 360–380
6	Kumaravishnu I	c. 380–400
7	Buddhavarman	c. 400–410
8	Kumaravishnu II	c. 410–420
9	Viravarman	c. 420–425
10	Skandavarman IV	c. 425–436
11	Simhavarman II	c. 436–458
12	Skandavarman V	c. 458–480
13	Nandivarman	c. 480–500
14	Vishnugopavarman	c. 500–520
15	Candadanda	c. 520–540
16	Simhavarman III	c. 540–560
Later Pallava
17	Simhavishnu	c. 560–600
18	Mahendravarman I	c. 600–630
19	Narasimhavarman I (Mamalla)	c. 630–668
20	Mahendravarman II	c. 668–672
21	Paramesvaravarman I	c. 672–700
22	Narasimhavarman II (Raja Simha)	c. 700–728
23	Paramesvaravarman II	c. 728–732
24	Nandivarman II (Pallavamalla)	c. 732–796
25	Thandivarman	c. 796–840
26	Nandivarman III	c. 840–869
27	Nrpatungavarman	c. 869–882
28	Aparajitavarman	c. 882–897

	Reign	Name	succession	Queen
1	350-374	Pushyavarman		(unknown)
2	374-398	Samudravarman	son of Pushyavarman	Dattadevi
3	398-422	Balavarman	son of Samudravarman	Ratnavati
4	422-446	Kalyanavarman	son of Balavarman	Gandharavati
5	446-470	Ganapativarman	son of Kalyanavarman	Yajnavati
6	470-494	Mahendravarman	son of Ganapativarman	Suvrata
7	494-518	Narayanavarman	son of Mahendravarman	Devavati
8	518-542	Bhutivarman	son of Narayanavarman	Vijnayavati
9	542-566	Chandramukhavarman	son of Bhutivarman	Bhogavati
10	566-590	Sthitavarman	son of Chandramukhavarman	Nayanadevi
11	590-595	Susthitavarman	son of Sthitavarman	Syamadevi
12	595-600	Supratisthitavarman	son of Susthitavarman	(Bachelor)
13	600-650	Bhaskaravarman	brother of Supratisthitavarman	(Bachelor)
14	650-655	Avanti Varman	(unknown)	(unknown)

Ruler	Reign	Capital	Notes
Konganivarma Madhava I	350-370	Talakad (Western)	Founder of the dynasty, who gained independence from the Pallava dynasty. He ruled the area around modern Kolar in the early 4th century.
Madhava II	370-390	Talakad (Western)
Harivarman	390-410	Talakad (Western)
Vishnugopa	410-430	Talakad (Western)
Madhava III Tadangala	430-469	Talakad (Western)
Avinita	469-529	Talakad (Western)
Indravarman I	498-537	Dantapuram (Eastern)	Indravarman I is earliest known Independent king of the dynasty. He is known from the Jirjingi copper plate grant.^[53]^[54] Founder of the Eastern line of the family, which is probable to be descended from the Western one.
Durvinita	529-579	Talakad (Western)
Samantavarman	537-562	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Hastivarman	562-578	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Indravarman II	578-589	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Mushkara	579-604	Talakad (Western)
Danarnava	589-652	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Polavira	604-629	Talakad (Western)
Indravarman III	652-682	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Srivikrama	629-654	Talakad (Western)
Bhuvikrama	654-679	Talakad (Western)
Shivamara I	679-725	Talakad (Western)
Gunarnava	682-730	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Sripurusha	725-788	Talakad (Western)
Devendravarman I	730-780	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Anantavarman I	780-812	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Shivamara II	788-816	Talakad (Western)	He was taken captive by the Rashtrakutas.
Rajendravarman	812-840	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Rachamalla I	817-853	Talakad (Western)
Devendravarman II	840-895	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Neetimarga I Ereganga	853-869	Talakad (Western)
Rachamalla II	869-907	Talakad (Western)
Gunamaharnava I	895-910	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Neetimarga II Ereyappa	907-921	Talakad (Western)
Vajrahasta-Anangabhimadeva I	910-939	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Narasimha I	921-933	Talakad (Western)
Rachamalla III	933-938	Talakad (Western)
Butuga	938-961	Talakad (Western)	Ruled jointly, in 949.
Takkolam	949	Talakad (Western)	Ruled jointly, in 949.
Gundama I	939-942	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Kamarnava I	942-977	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Neetimarga III Marulaganga	961-963	Talakad (Western)
Narasimha II	963-975	Talakad (Western)
Rachamalla IV	975-986	Talakad (Western)
Vinayaditya	977-980	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Vajrahasta II	980-1015	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Rachamalla V	986-999	Talakad (Western)
Neetimarga IV Permanadi	999	Talakad (Western)	In 999, after his death, the Western Ganga Empire was annexed by the Chola dynasty.
Annexed to the Chola Empire
Kamarnava II	1015	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Gundama II	1015-1018	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Madhukamarnava	1018-1038	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Vajrahasta III	1038-1070	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Rajarajadeva I	1070-1078	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Anantavarman II Chodaganga	1078-1150	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Jatesvaradeva	1150-1156	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Raghavadeva	1156-1170	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Rajarajadeva II	1170-1178	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Anangabhimadeva II	1178-1198	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Rajarajadeva III	1198-1211	Dantapuram (Eastern)
Anangabhimadeva III	1211-1238	Kataka (Eastern)
Narasinghadeva I	1238-1264	Kataka (Eastern)
Bhanudeva I	1264-1279	Kataka (Eastern)
Narasinghadeva II	1279-1306	Kataka (Eastern)
Bhanudeva II	1306-1328	Kataka (Eastern)
Narasinghadeva III	1328-1352	Kataka (Eastern)
Bhanudeva III	1352-1378	Kataka (Eastern)
Narasinghadeva IV	1378-1424	Kataka (Eastern)
Bhanudeva IV	1424-1434	Kataka (Eastern)	After his death, the Empire was annexed to the Gajapati Kingdom.
Annexed to the Gajapati Kingdom

Ruler	Reign	Capital	Notes
Jayasimha I	500–520	Badami	Founder of the dynasty. He ruled the area around modern Bijapur in the early 6th century.
Ranaraga	520–540	Badami
Pulakeshin I	540–567	Badami	He ruled parts of the present-day Maharashtra and Karnataka states in the western Deccan region of India.
Kirtivarman I	567–592	Badami	He expanded the Chalukya kingdom by defeating the Nalas, the Mauryas of Konkana, the Kadambas, the Alupas, and the Gangas of Talakad.
Mangalesha	592–610	Badami	Brother of Kirtivarman. Expanded the Chalukya power in present-day Gujarat and Maharashtra after defeating the Kalachuri king Buddharaja. He also consolidated his rule in the Konkan coastal region of Maharashtra and Goa after conquering Revati-dvipa from the rebel Chalukya governor Svamiraja. His reign ended when he lost a war of succession to his nephew Pulakeshin II, a son of Kirttivarman I.
Pulakeshin II	610–642	Badami	Son of Kirtivarman I, he overthrew his uncle Mangalesha to gain control of the throne. Suppressed a rebellion by Appayika and Govinda, and decisively defeated the Kadambas of Banavasi in the south. Consolidated the Chalukya control over the western coast by subjugating the Mauryas of Konkana. He was victorious against the powerful northern emperor Harsha-vardhana. He also achieved some successes against the Pallavas in the south, but was ultimately defeated, and probably killed, during an invasion by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I.
Kubja Vishnuvardhana I	615/24–641	Vengi (Eastern)	Brother of Pulakeshin II. Ruled under him as viceroy in Vengi, and then declared independence in 624.
Jayasimha I (II)	641–673	Vengi (Eastern)
Adityavarman	642–645	Badami	First son of Pulakeshin II. Probably ruled under the Pallavas.
Abhinavaditya	645–646	Badami	Son of the predecessor.
Chandraditya	646–649	Badami	Second son of Pulakeshin II.
Regency of Vijaya-Bhattarika (649-655)			Regent for her minor son. She was deposed by her brother-in-law.
A son of Chandraditya	649-655	Badami
Satyashraya	c.650-675	Vemulavada	Founder of the branch, possibly son of Pulakshin II.
Vikramaditya I	655–680	Badami	He restored order in the fractured kingdom and made the Pallavas retreat from the capital.
Indra Bhattaraka	673	Vengi (Eastern)	Brother of Jayasimha II. Ruled for a week.
Vishnuvardhana II	673–682	Vengi (Eastern)
Prithvipathi	c.675-700	Vemulavada
Vinayaditya	680–696	Badami	He carried campaigns against the Pallavas, Kalabhras, Haihayas, Vilas, Cholas, Pandyas, Gangas and many more.
Mangi Yuvaraja	682–706	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya I	696–733	Badami	His long reign was marked by general peace and prosperity. Vijayaditya also built a number of temples. He fought against the Pallavas and extracted tributes from Parameshwar Varma V.
Maharaja	c.700-725	Vemulavada
Jayasimha III	706–718	Vengi (Eastern)
Kokkli	718–719	Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnuvardhana III	719–755	Vengi (Eastern)
Rajaditya	c.725-750	Vemulavada
Vikramaditya II	733–746	Badami	Conducted successful military campaigns against their enemy, the Pallavas of Kanchipuram, in three occasions: the first time as a crown prince, the second time as an emperor and the third time under the leadership of his son and crown prince Kirtivarman II.
Kirtivarman II Rahappa	746- 757	Badami	His reign was continuously troubled by the growing power of the Rashtrakutas and Pandyas. He finallt succumbed to the Rashtrakutas, who ended the power of the family in Badami.
Vinayaditya Yuddhamalla I	c.750-775	Vemulavada
Vijayaditya I (II)	755–772	Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnuvardhana IV	755–808	Vengi (Eastern)
Arikesari I	c.775-800	Vemulavada
Narasimha I	c.800-825	Vemulavada
Vijayaditya II (III)	808–847	Vengi (Eastern)	His first military victories against the Rashtrakutas made the path for the independence of the dynasty from this occupant.
Yuddhamalla II	c.825-850	Vemulavada
Kali Vishnuvardhana V	847–849	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya III (IV)	849–892	Vengi (Eastern)	Brothers, ruled together.
Vikramaditya I (III)		Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla I		Vengi (Eastern)
Baddega I Soladaganda	c.850-895	Vemulavada
Bhima I	892–921	Vengi (Eastern)	During his rule, Vengi could claim some independence as capital from the Rashtrakutas.
Yuddhamalla III	c.895-915	Vemulavada
Narasimha II	c.915-930	Vemulavada
Vijayaditya IV (V)	921	Vengi (Eastern)
Amma I	921–927	Vengi (Eastern)	Probably brothers, ruled jointly.
Vishnuvardhana VI	921–927	Vengi (Eastern)	Probably brothers, ruled jointly.
Vijayaditya V (VI)	927	Vengi (Eastern)	Ruled for fifteen days.
Tadapa	927	Vengi (Eastern)	Ruled for a month.
Vikramaditya II (IV)	927–928	Vengi (Eastern)
Bhima II	928–929	Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla II	929–935	Vengi (Eastern)
Arikesari II	c.930-941	Vemulavada
Bhima III	935–947	Vengi (Eastern)
Baddega II	941-946	Vemulavada	Ruled jointly.
Vagaraja	941-950	Vemulavada	Ruled jointly.
Arikesari III	946/950-968	Vemulavada
Annexed to the Western Chalukya Empire
Amma II	947–970	Vengi (Eastern)
Danarnava	970–973	Vengi (Eastern)	Deposed by Jata Choda Bhima. Sought for help within the Chola Empire.
Tailapa II Ahvamalla	973–997	Kalyani (Western)	6th great-grandson of Vijayaditya I. Ousted the Rashtrakutas in the West and recovered the power once held by his family.
Jata Choda Bhima	973–999	Vengi (Eastern)
Satyashraya	997–1008	Kalyani (Western)
Shaktivarman I	999–1011	Vengi (Eastern)	First son of Danarnava. Returned from exile and recovered his throne. Now free from the usurper, however Eastern Vengi dynasty lost some of the independence they have gained some generations ago. Begin of the growing Chola influence in Vengi kingdom.
Vikramaditya V	1008–1015	Kalyani (Western)	Nephew of Satyahraya, as son of his brother, Dashavarman.
Vimaladitya	1011–1018	Vengi (Eastern)	Second son of Danarnava. In his exile period with his father and brother, he was married to Kundavai, daughter of Rajaraja I from the Chola Empire.
Jayasimha II (III)	1015–1043	Kalyani (Western)	He had to fight on many fronts, against the Cholas of Tanjore in the south and the Paramara dynasty in the north, to protect his kingdom. His rule however was an important period of development of Kannada literature. He saw his cousins in Vengi fall firmly into the hands of the Cholas who would use their marital relations with the Eastern Chalukyas and their over lordship over Vengi to frustrate and threaten the Western Chalukyas from two fronts, from the east and from the South. But, at the same time, he consolidated more firmly the Western Chalukya power in the Deccan.
Rajaraja Narendra	1018–1061	Vengi (Eastern)	Son of Vimaladitya, had support in the throne from the Cholas, whose influence grew significantly. He supported Cholas against his cousins, the Western Chalukyas. His own son managed to succeed in the Chola Empire, in 1070, as Kulottunga I, beginning the Later Cholas period, in which the Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the Eastern Chalukyas renamed Chola, which inherited Narendra's kingdom. It's possible, then, that the following rulers were governors for the Chola Emperor ruling Eastern Chalukya territory: Shaktivarman II (1061-1062); Vijayaditya VII (1062-1075), also son of Vimaladitya, but half-brother of Rajaraja Narendra. Ascended with support from Western Chalukyas. Rajaraja (1075-1079) Vishuvardhana VII (1079-1102), last known Chalukya ruler of Vengi.
Annexed to the Chola Empire (1061-1118); Annexed to the Western Chalukya Empire (since 1118)
Someshvara I Trilokyamalla	1042–1068	Kalyani (Western)	His several military successes in Central India made him a formidable ruler of a vast empire. During his rule, the Chalukyan empire extended to Gujarat and Central India in the north.
Someshvara II Bhuvanaikamalla	1068–1076	Kalyani (Western)	First son of Someshvara I, deposed by his younger brother, Vikramaditya.
Vikramaditya VI Tribhuvanamalla	1076–1126	Kalyani (Western)	Second son of Someshvara I. Under his reign, the Western Chalukya Empire reached its zenith. He is noted for his patronage of art and letters. His court was adorned with famous Kannada and Sanskrit poets. Intervened in Chola politics, sitting his brother-in-law, Athirajendra Chola, on the Chola Empire throne.
Someshvara III	1126–1138	Kalyani (Western)	He was a noted historian, scholar, and poet, and authored the Sanskrit encyclopedic text Manasollasa touching upon such topics as polity, governance, astronomy, astrology, rhetoric, medicine, food, architecture, painting, poetry and music: making his work a valuable modern source of socio-cultural information of the 11th- and 12th-century India.
Jagadhekamalla II	1138–1151	Kalyani (Western)	His rule saw the slow decline of the Chalukya empire with the loss of Vengi entirely, though he was still able to control the Hoysalas in the south and the Seuna and Paramara in the north.
Tailapa III	1151–1164	Kalyani (Western)	Faced many feudatory risings against Chalukya rule.
Jagadhekamalla III	1164–1183	Kalyani (Western)	His rule was completely overshowded by the emergence of the Southern Kalachuris under Bijjala II who took control of Kalyani. He had to escape to the Banavasi region.
Someshvara IV	1183–1200	Kalyani (Western)	Recovered his capital, by defeating the Kalachuris, but failed to prevent his old allies, Seuna, Hoysala and the Kakatiya dynasty, who, after deposing Someshvara by 1200, divided his empire among themselves.
Annexed to the Seuna, Hoysala and the Kakatiya dynasties

Ruler	Reign (CE)	Notes
Pushyabhuti	~500
Nāravardhana	500–525
Rājyavardhana I	525–555
Ādityvardhana	555–580
Prabhākaravardhana	580–605
Rājyavardhana II	605–606
Harṣavardhana	606–647

Serial No.	Ruler	Reign (CE)
1	Nagabhata I	730–760
2	Kakustha and Devaraja	760–780
3	Vatsaraja	780–800
4	Nagabhata II	800–833
5	Ramabhadra	833–836
6	Mihira Bhoja or Bhoja I	836–885
7	Mahendrapala I	885–910
8	Bhoja II	910–913
9	Mahipala I	913–944
10	Mahendrapala II	944–948
11	Devapala	948–954
12	Vinayakapala	954–955
13	Mahipala II	955–956
14	Vijayapala II	956–960
15	Rajapala	960–1018
16	Trilochanapala	1018–1027
17	Yasahpala	1024–1036

Serial no.	Regnal names	Reign (CE)	Notes
1	Chahamana	(mythical)	Ancient founder of Chahamana clan
2	Vasu-deva	c. 551 CE (disputed)	First known ruler of the dynasty. He ruled the Sapadalaksha region and made Shakambhari (modern Sambhar) as capital.
3	Samanta-raja	684–709	Identified as the ancient King Manik Rai by R. B. Singh.
4	Nara-deva	709–721	Naradeva was succeeded by his brother Ajayaraja I.
5	Ajaya-raja I	721–734	According to Prithviraja Vijaya, he was a great warrior who defeated several enemies.
6	Vigraha-raja I	734–759	He achieved military successes upon neighbouring kingdom.
7	Chandra-raja I	759–771	Chandraraja I was a son of the Chahamana king Vigraharaja I. He was succeeded by his brother Gopendraraja.
8	Gopendra-raja	771–784	The Prabandha-Kosha states that Gopendra defeated Arab invader Muhammad bin Qasim in a battle.
9	Durlabha-raja I	784–809	He achieved military success against the Pala Empire king Dharmapala as a vassal of the Pratihara emperor Vatsaraja.
10	Govinda-raja I alias Guvaka I	809–836	The Harsha stone inscription suggests that he was a vassal the Pratihara emperor Nagabhata II.
11	Chandra-raja II	836–863	He was succeeded by his son Govindaraja II.
12	Govindaraja II alias Guvaka II	863–890	The Harsha stone inscription describes Govinda II as a warrior. He married his sister to Pratihara emperor Mihira Bhoja.
13	Chandana-raja	890–917	According to the Harsha stone inscription, Chandana defeated a Tomara ruler named Rudra (Chandrapala).
14	Vakpati-raja	917–944	His younger son established the Naddula Chahamana branch in 950 CE.
15	Simha-raja	944–971	He was the first independent ruler of dynasty. He had assume the title of Maharajadhiraja.
16	Vigraha-raja II	971–998	He joined an alliance formed by the ruler of Lahore against the Ghaznavid ruler Sabuktigin.
17	Durlabha-raja II	998–1012	He assumed the title Maharajadhiraja. He joined a confederacy of Hindu kings to support Anandapala in Battle of Chach against invasion Mahmud of Ghazni in 1008 CE.
18	Govinda-raja III	1012–1026	The Prabandha Kosha states that he defeated Mahmud of Ghazni badly.
19	Vakpati-raja II	1026–1040	Later texts claimed that he defeated Bhoja, the Paramara king of Malwa.
20	Viryarama	1040 (few months)	Paramara king Bhoja attacked Chahamana kingdom and defeated him.
21	Chamunda-raja	1040–1065	He have defeated a Muslim army led by a Ghaznavid Sultan or general.
22	Durlabha-raja III alias Duśala	1065–1070	He conquered military successes upon neighbouring kingdom.
23	Vigraha-raja III alias Visala	1070–1090	He defeated Shahab-ud-Din (general of Ibrahim of Ghazna).
24	Prithvi-raja I	1090–1110	After defeating Muslim invaders he adopted titles as Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara.
25	Ajaya-raja II	1110–1135	He founded the city of Ajmer and moved his capital there.
26	Arno-raja alias Ana	1135–1150	His title as Maharajadhiraja-Parameshvara.
27	Jagad-deva	1150	Some sources claimed that he ascended Chahamana throne after killing his father.
28	Vigraha-raja IV alias Visaladeva	1150–1164	The Chahaman kingdom reached its zenith under him.
29	Apara-gangeya	1164–1165	He have ascended the throne as a minor, and ruled for a very short period.
30	Prithvi-raja II	1165–1169	He probably died heirless, so he was succeeded by his uncle Someshvara.
31	Someshvara	1169–1178	He adopted title of Pratāpalaṃkeśvara.
32	Prithviraja III Rai Pithora	1177–1192	Last effective ruler of the dynasty who was defeated in the Second Battle of Tarain against Muhammad of Ghor in 1192 CE.
33	Govinda-raja IV	1192	Ghurid vassal who later established the Chahamana branch of Ranastambhapura in 1192 CE.
34	Hari-raja	1193–1194	Last ruler of Chauhan dynasty branch of Ajmer.

Serial no.	Kings	Reign (CE)
1	Lakshmana	950–982
2	Shobhita	982–986
3	Baliraja	986–990
4	Vigrahapala	990–994
5	Mahindra	994–1015
6	Ashvapala	1015–1019
7	Ahila	1019–1024
8	Anahilla	1024–1055
9	Balaprasada	1055–1070
10	Jendraraja	1070–1080
11	Prithvipala	1080–1090
12	Jojalladeva	1090–1110
13	Asharaja	1110–1119
14	Ratnapala	1119–1132
15	Rayapala	1132–1145
16	Katukaraja	1145–1148
17	Alhanadeva	1148–1163
18	Kelhanadeva	1163–1193
19	Jayatasimha	1193–1197

List_of_Indian_monarchs

Iron Age Kingdoms (c. 2000s BCE – 200s BCE)

Kingdom of Magadha

King Magadha's dynasty

Brihadratha dynasty (c. 1700 – 682 BCE)

Pradyota dynasty (c. 682 – 544 BCE)

Kingdom of Kashmir

Gonanda dynasty (I)

Gonanditya dynasty (c. 1175 – 167 BCE)

King Pratapaditya's dynasty (c. 167 BCE – 25 CE)

Gonanda dynasty II (c. 25 – 625 CE)

Gandhara Kingdom (c. 1500 – 518 BCE)

Kuru Kingdom (c. 1200 – 345 BCE)

Heheya Kingdom of Avanti (c. 1100 – 400 BCE)

Medieval Haihayas

Videha dynasty of Mithila (c. 1100 – 700 BCE)

Kalinga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 261 BCE)

Kalinga dynasty (I) (c. 1100 – 700 BCE)

Kalinga dynasty (II) (c. 700 – 350 BCE)

Suryavamsha of Kalinga (c. 350 – 261 BCE)

Kosala Kingdom (c. 1100 – 345 BCE)

Panchala Kingdom (c. 1100 BCE – 350 CE)

Anga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 530 BCE)

Kamboja Kingdom (c. 700 – 200 BCE)

Shakya Republic of Kapilavastu (c. 7th to 5th century BCE)

First Magadha Empire (c. 544 – 28 BCE)

Haryanka Dynasty (c. 544 – 413 BCE)

Shishunaga Dynasty (c. 413 – 345 BCE)

Nanda Dynasty (c. 345 – 322 BCE)

Maurya Dynasty (c. 322 – 184 BCE)

Shunga Dynasty (c. 185 – 73 BCE)

Kanva Dynasty (c. 73 – 28 BCE)

Pandyan dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1650 CE)

Early Pandyans

Middle Pandyans (c. 590–920 CE)

Pandyans under Chola Empire (c. 920–1216 CE)

Pandalam dynasty (Later Pandyans) (c. 1212–1345 CE)

Tenkasi Pandya dynasty (c. 1422–1650 CE)

Chera dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1530 CE)

Ancient Chera (c. 600 BCE–400 CE)

Kongu Chera dynasty (c. 400–844 CE)

Kodungallur Cheras (c. 844–1122 CE)

Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas) (c. 1090–1530 CE)

Chola dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1279 CE)

Ancient Chola rulers (c. 600 BCE – 300 CE)

Chola Empire (c. 848 – 1279 CE)

Kingdom of Tambapanni (c. 543 – 437 BCE)

House of Vijaya

Velir dynasties (c. 300 BCE – 1200 CE)

Ay dynasty (Velir) (c. 300 BCE – 800 CE)

Early Ay Kings

Medieval Ay Kings

Satavahana dynasty (c. 228 BCE – 224 CE)

Mahameghavahana dynasty of Kalinga (c. 225 BCE – 300 CE)

Classical Period (c. 200s BCE – c. 550s CE)

Kingdom of Kangleipak (Manipur) (c. 200s BCE –1950 CE)

Ancient dynasties (clans) of Kangleipak

Ningthouja or Mangang dynasty (c. 33–1074 CE)

Kangleipak dynasty (c. 1074–1819 CE)

Burmese rule (c. 1819–1825 CE)

Princely State (c. 1825–1947 CE)

Kuninda Kingdom (c. 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE)

Foreign assimilated kingdoms in Indian subcontinent

Indo-Greek Kingdom (Yavanarajya) (c. 200 BCE – 10 CE)

Indo-Scythian (Saka) ( c. 12 BCE – 395 CE)

Aprācas rulers (c. 12 BCE − 45 CE )

Northern Satraps rulers (Mathura area) (c. 20 BCE – 20 CE)

Minor local rulers

Northwestern Scythian rulers (c. 85 BCE – 10 CE)

Kshaharatas rulers

Western Satraps (Western Saka) (c. 119 – 395 CE)

Pāratas rulers (c. 125 – 300 CE)

Kushan Empire (c. 1 – 375 CE)

Indo-Parthian (Pahalava) (c. 21 – 100 CE)

Indo-Sasanian Kingdom (c. 233 – 365 CE)

Alchon Huns (Huna) (c. 400 – 670 CE)

Chutu dynasty of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE)

Nagvanshi dynasty of Chotanagpur (c. 64–1952 CE)

Rajas and Maharajas of Chotanagpur

Bharshiva dynasty (Nagas of Padmavati) (c. 170–350 CE)

Serial no.	Kings	Reign (CE)
1	Kirti-pala	1160–1182
2	Samara-simha	1182–1204
3	Udaya-simha	1204–1257
4	Chachiga-deva	1257–1282
5	Samanta-simha	1282–1305
6	Kanhada-deva	1292–1311
7	Virama-deva	1311

Serial no.	Kings	Reign (CE)
1	Govinda-raja	1192
2	Balhana-deva
3	Prahlada-deva
4	Viranarayana
5	Vagabhata
6	Jaitra-simha
7	Shakti-deva
8	Hammira-deva	1283–1311

Nu.	King (Rawal)	Reign (CE)
1	Rawal Guhil	566–586
2	Rawal Bhoj	586–606
3	Rawal Mahendra I	606–626
4	Rawal Naga (Nagaditya)	626–646
5	Rawal Shiladitya	646–661
6	Rawal Aprajeet	661–688
7	Rawal Mahendra II	688–716
8	Bappa Rawal	728–753
9	Rawal Khuman I	753–773
10	Rawal Mattat	773–793
11	Rawal Bhartri Bhatt I	793–813
12	Rawal Sinh	813–828
13	Rawal Khuman II	828–853
14	Rawal Mahayak	853–878
15	Rawal Khuman III	878–926
16	Rawal Bhartri Bhatt II	926–951
17	Rawal Allat	951–971
18	Rawal Narwahan	971–973
19	Rawal Saliwahan	973–977
20	Rawal Shakti Kumar	977–993
21	Rawal Amba Prasad	993–1007
22	Rawal Shuchivarma	1007–1021
23	Rawal Narvarma	1021–1035
24	Rawal Keertivarma	1035–1051
25	Rawal Yograj	1051–1068
26	Rawal Vairath	1068–1088
27	Rawal Hanspal	1088–1103
28	Rawal Vair Singh	1103–1107
29	Rawal Vijai Singh	1107–1116
30	Rawal Ari Singh I	1116–1138
31	Rawal Chaudh Singh	1138–1148
32	Rawal Vikram Singh	1148–1158
33	Rawal Ran Singh	1158–1168
Post-split Rawal branch rulers
34	Rawal Khshem Singh	1168–1172
35	Rawal Samant Singh	1172–1179
36	Rawal Kumar Singh	1179–1191
37	Rawal Mathan Singh	1191–1211
38	Rawal Padam Singh	1211–1213
39	Rawal Jaitra Singh	1213–1252
40	Rawal Tej Singh	1252–1273
41	Rawal Samar Singh	1273–1302
42	Rawal Ratan Singh	1302–1303

Nu.	King (Rana)	Reign (CE)
1	Rahapa/Karna	1168 CE
2	Narapati
3	Dinakara
4	Jasakarna
5	Nagapala
6	Karnapala
7	Bhuvanasimha
8	Bhimasimha
9	Jayasimha
10	Lakhanasimha
11	Arisimha
12	Hammir Singh	1326 CE

King (Maharana)	Reign	Notes
Hammir Singh	1326–1364	He attacked Chittor in 1326 and re-took it from the Khiljis after the family lost it in 1303. Defeated Muhammad Bin Tughluq in SSingoli taking the sultan himself a prisoner of war. Captured Ajmer, Ranthambor, Nagaur and Sopore.^[73]
Kshetra Singh	1364–1382	Hammir's son, he captured Madalgarh and Bundi, completely annexed Ajmer. He also defeated Amin Shah of Malwa at the "Battle of Bakrole" and inflicted heavy casualties. His death can actually by as late as 1405.^[74]
Lakha Singh	1382–1421	Khsetra's son, he was defeated multiple battles by Zafar Khan of Gujrat, but the territories were recovered. He rebuilt temples and shrines destroyed by Allaudin Khilji.^[75]
Mokal Singh	1421–1433	Lakha's son, he defeated the Sultan of Nagaur and Gujrat. Later the sultan of Gujrat invaded Mewar and during this invasion. He was assassinated by his uncles Chacha and Mera.^[76]
Rana Kumbha	1433–1468	Mokal's son, he first attacked and killed his fathers assassins. Defeated the Sultans of Nagaur, Gujarat and Malwa. Mewar became the strongest kingdom in North India. Built multiple strong forts in Mewar.^[77]
Udai Singh I	1468–1473	Kumbha' son, he assassinated his father and was then defeated by his brother.^[78]
Rana Raimal	1473–1508	Son of Kumbha, he killed his brother for assassinating his father. Fought against Malwa sultanate.^[79]^[80]
Rana Sanga	1508–1527	Raimal's son, defeated the Sultan of Gujrat, Malwa and Delhi. Under his rule Mewar reached its pinnacle in power and prosperity. Eventually defeated by Babur.^[81]^[82]
Ratan Singh II	1528–1531	Sanga's son, defeated and killed by Bahadur Shah of Gujarat.^[83]
Vikramaditya Singh	1531–1536	Sanga's son, assassinated by his cousin Vanvir Singh.^[84]
Vanvir Singh	1536–1540	Usurper of the throne. Defeated and expelled by his cousin Udai Singh II.^[85]
Udai Singh II	1540–1572	Sanga's son, defeated Vanvir. Fought against Mughals and was defeated in Siege of Chittorgarh.^[86]^[87]
Maharana Pratap	1572–1597	Udai's son, notable for his military resistance against the Mughals.^[88]
Amar Singh I	1597–1620	Pratap's son, notable for his struggle against Mughals.^[89]
Karan Singh II	1620–1628	Amar's son, maintained good relations with Mughals, built many temples, forts and strengthened existing ones.^[90]
Jagat Singh I	1628–1652	Karan's son, attempted to restore fort of Chittor but Shah Jahan blocked his attempt.
Raj Singh I	1652–1680	Jagat's son, fought and defeated Mughals many times. Regained territory and increased the wealth of the kingdom. Fought against Aurangzeb. Eventually poisoned by Aurangzeb's loyalists.^[91]^[92]^[93]
Jai Singh	1680–1698	Raj's son, struggled to regain captured parts of Mewar from Mughals.^[94]
Amar Singh II	1698–1710	Jai's son, invaded neighboring territories, formed an alliance against the Mughals with Jaipur and Marwar. Capitalized over a weak Mughal empire.^[95]
Sangram Singh II	1710–1734	Amar's son, defeated Ranabaaz Khan at the Battle of Bandanwara. Reestablished relations with a weak Mughal emperor.
Jagat Singh II	1734–1751	Sangram's son, started paying Chauth to the Marathas. Heavily invested in placing Sawai Madho Singh on the throne of Jaipur, eventually bankrupting Mewar.
Pratap Singh II	1751–1754	Jagat's son.
Raj Singh II	1754–1762	Pratap's son, paid heavy tribute to Maratha's, financially devastating Mewar.
Ari Singh II	1762–1772	Raj's son, under him, Maratha's raided Mewar multiple times for not paying tribute.
Hamir Singh II	1772–1778	Ari's son, underaged when became Rana and died.
Bhim Singh	1778–1828	Hamir's brother, under him Mewar was repeatedly raided by Pindaris, Marwar and Jaipur fought for his daughter Krishna Kumari. Accepted sub ordinance of East India Company.
Jawan Singh	1828–1838	Bhim's son, abused alcohol, not interested in ruling Mewar. Mewar racked up a lot of debt under his rule.
Sardar Singh	1838–1842	Jawan's son
Swarup Singh	1842–1861	Ruler during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Shambhu Singh	1861–1874	Focused on reform of education and social reforms.
Sajjan Singh	1874–1884	Shambhu's ruler.
Fateh Singh	1884–1930	Sajjan's son
Bhupal Singh	1930–1948 1948-1955 (titular)	Signed the Instrument of Accession to India, dissolving his kingdom into the India. Titular ruler from 1955
Titular Maharanas
Bhagwat Singh	1955–1984	Lost the Privy Purse.
Mahendra Singh	1984–present	Present ruler

No.	Name	Reign	Years Reigned	No.	Name	Reign	Years Reigned	No.	Name	Reign	Years Reigned
1	Kanak Pal	688–699	11	21	Vikram Pal	1116–1131	15	41	Vijay Pal	1426–1437	11
2	Shyam Pal	699–725	26	22	Vichitra Pal	1131–1140	9	42	Sahaj Pal	1437–1473	36
3	Pandu Pal	725–756	31	23	Hans Pal	1141–1152	11	43	Bahadur Shah	1473–1498	25
4	Abhijat Pal	756–780	24	24	Som Pal	1152–1159	7	44	Man Shah	1498–1518	20
5	Saugat Pal	781–800	19	25	Kadil Pal	1159–1164	5	45	Shyam Shah	1518–1527	9
6	Ratna Pal	800–849	49	26	Kamadev Pal	1172–1179	7	46	Mahipat Shah	1527–1552	25
7	Shali Pal	850–857	7	27	Sulakshan Dev	1179–1197	18	47	Prithvi Shah	1552–1614	62
8	Vidhi Pal	858–877	19	28	Lakhan Dev	1197–1220	23	48	Medini Shah	1614–1660	46
9	Madan Pal	877–894	17	29	Anand Pal II	1220–1241	21	49	Fateh Shah	1660–1708	48
10	Bhakti Pal	895–919	24	30	Purva Dev	1241–1260	19	50	Upendra Shah	1708–1709	1
11	Jayachand Pal	920–948	28	31	Abhay Dev	1260–1267	7	51	Pradip Shah	1709–1772	63
12	Prithvi Pal	949–971	22	32	Jayaram Dev	1267–1290	23	52	Lalit Shah	1772–1780	8
13	Medinisen Pal	972–995	23	33	Asal Dev	1290–1299	9	53	Jayakrit Shah	1780–1786	6
14	Agasti Pal	995–1014	19	34	Jagat Pal	1299–1311	12	54	Pradyumna Shah	1786–1804	18
15	Surati Pal	1015–1036	21	35	Jit Pal	1311–1330	19	55	Sudarshan Shah	1804–1859	55
16	Jay Pal	1037–1055	18	36	Anant Pal II	1330–1358	28	56	Bhawani Shah	1859–1871	12
17	Anant Pal I	1056–1072	16	37	Ajay Pal	1358–1389	31	57	Pratap Shah	1871–1886	15
18	Anand Pal I	1072–1083	11	38	Kalyan Shah	1389–1398	9	58	Kirti Shah	1886–1913	27
19	Vibhog Pal	1084–1101	17	39	Sundar Pal	1398–1413	15	59	Narendra Shah	1913–1946	33
20	Suvayanu Pal	1102–1115	13	40	Hansadev Pal	1413–1426	13	60	Manabendra Shah	1946–1949	3

Name of the king^[102]^[103]	Reign	Notes
Adi Malla	694–710
Jay Malla	710–720
Benu Malla	720–733
Kinu Malla	733–742
Indra Malla	742–757
Kanu Malla	757–764
Dha (Jhau) Malla	764–775
Shur Malla	775–795
Kanak Malla	795–807
Kandarpa Malla	807–828
Sanatan Malla	828–841
Kharga Malla	841–862
Durjan (Durjay) Malla	862–906
Yadav Malla	906–919
Jagannath Malla	919–931
Birat Malla	931–946
Mahadev Malla	946–977
Durgadas Malla	977–994
Jagat Malla	994–1007
Ananta Malla	1007–1015
Rup Malla	1015=1029
Sundar Malla	1029–1053
Kumud Malla	1053–1074
Krishna Malla	1074–1084
Rup II (Jhap) Malla	1084–1097
Prakash Malla	1097–1102
Pratap Malla	1102–1113
Sindur Malla	1113–1129
Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla	1129–1142
Banamali Malla	1142–1156
Yadu/Jadu Malla	1156–1167
Jiban Malla	1167–1185
Ram Malla	1185=1209
Gobinda Malla	1209–1240
Bhim Malla	1240–1263
Katar(Khattar) Malla	1263–1295
Prithwi Malla	1295 -1319
Tapa Malla	1319–1334
Dinabandhu Malla	1334–1345
Kinu/Kanu II Malla	1345–1358
Shur Malla II	1358–1370
Shiv Singh Malla	1370–1407
Madan Malla	1407–1420
Durjan II (Durjay) Malla	1420–1437
Uday Malla	1437–1460
Chandra Malla	1460–1501
Bir Malla	1501–1554
Dhari Malla	1554–1565
Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir)	1565–1620
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev	1620–1626
Raghunath Singha Dev	1626–1656
Bir Singha Dev	1656–1682
Durjan Singha Dev	1682–1702
Raghunath Singha Dev II	1702–1712
Gopal Singha Dev	1712–1748
Chaitanya Singha Dev	1748–1801
Madhav Singha Dev	1801–1809
Gopal Singha Dev II	1809–1876
Ramkrishna Singha Dev	1876–1885
Dwhaja Moni Devi	1885–1889
Nilmoni Singha Dev	1889–1903
Churamoni Devi (Regency)	1903–1930
Kalipada Singha Thakur	1930–1947

King	Reign	Notes
Som Chand	700–721
Atm Chand	721–740
Purn Chand	740–758
Indra Chand	758–778	Opened Silk Factories
Sansar Chand	778–813
Sudha Chand	813–833
Hamir Chand	833–856
Vina Chand	856–869	Lost to Khas Kings
Vir Chand	1065–1080
Rup Chand	1080–1093
Laxmi Chand	1093–1113
Dharm Chand	1113–1121
Karm Chand	1121–1140
Ballal Chand	1140–1149
Nami Chand	1149–1170
Nar Chand	1170–1177
Nanaki Chand	1177–1195
Ram Chand	1195–1205
Bhishm Chand	1205–1226
Megh Chand	1226–1233
Dhyan Chand	1233–1251
Parvat Chand	1251–1261
Thor Chand	1261–1275
Kalyan Chand II	1275–1296
Trilok Chand	1296–1303	Conquered Chhakhata Built a fort at Bhimtal
Damaru Chand	1303–1321
Dharm Chand	1321–1344	Defeated One Lakh Army of Delhi Sultan Muhammad Bin Tughluq under Khusrau Malik in his Qarachil Expedition
Abhay Chand	1344–1374
Garur Gyan Chand	1374–1419	Established authority over Bhabar and Terai; later lost them to nawab of Sambhal, Recaptured it by defeating Turkish Nawab of Sambhal under General Nilu Kathait
Harihar Chand	1419–1420
Udyan Chand	1420–1421	built Baleshwar Temple at Champawat Captured Chaugarkha
Atma Chand II	1421–1422
Hari Chand II	1422–1423
Vikram Chand	1423–1437	Completed Baleshwar Temple
Bharati Chand	1437–1450	Defeated Doti
Ratna Chand	1450–1488	Defeated Bams of Sor, defeated Doti again
Kirti Chand	1488–1503	annexed Barahmandal, Pali and Faldakot, Conquered Garhwal by defeating Ajaypal and made it vassal state of Kumaon
Pratap Chand	1503–1517
Tara Chand	1517–1533
Manik Chand	1533–1542
Kalyan Chand III	1542–1551
Purna Chand	1551–1555
Bhishm Chand	1555–1560	laid foundation stone of Alamnagar lost Barahmandal to Khas Sardar Gajuwathinga
Balo Kalyan Chand	1560–1568	recaptured Barahmandal moved capital to Alamnagar and renamed it Almora Annexed Mankot and Danpur
Rudra Chand	1568–1597	Successfully defended Terai from nawab of Kath and Gola founded the city of Rudrapur Annexed Sira
Laxmi Chand	1597–1621	built Laxmeswar and Bagnath Temple at Almora and Bageshwar respectively Invaded Garhwal 7 times without any Success
Dilip Chand	1621–1624
Vijay Chand	1624–1625
Trimal Chand	1625–1638
Baz Bahadur Chand	1638–1678	Captured Dehradun and Hindu Pilgrimage Kailash Mansarovar defeated Garhwal and Tibet, has his kingdom from ton river until karnali
Udyot Chand	1678–1698	Defeated combined armies of Garhwal and Doti
Gyan Chand	1698–1708	Defeated Garhwal and expelled fateh shah from Srinagar
Jagat Chand	1708–1720	Invaded Garhwal and captured its capital Srinagar, defeated combined armies of Sikhs\|Khalsa and Garhwal
Devi Chand	1720–1726	Made Afghani Daud Khan General of Kumaon, looted Moradabad, Mughal Empire and captured villages of Mughals
Ajit Chand	1726–1729
Kalyan Chand V	1729–1747	Defeated Rohillas
Deep Chand	1747–1777	Defeated Garhwal King Pradip Shah left him embarrassed
Mohan Chand	1777–1779	Defeated by King Lalit Shah of Garhwal
Pradyumn Chand	1779–1786	Son of king Lalit Shah of Garhwal
Mohan Chand	1786–1788	Overthrew Pradyumn Shah; Became king for second time
Shiv Chand	1788
Mahendra Chand	1788–1790	Defeated by Gorkhas

#	Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari / Bikaner manuscript	Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai	Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript	Ascension year in CE (according to Gwalior manuscript)	Length of reign
#	Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari / Bikaner manuscript	Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai	Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript	Ascension year in CE (according to Gwalior manuscript)	Years	Months	Days
1	Ananga Pāla	Bilan Dev		736	18	0	0
2	Vasu Deva			754	19	1	18
3	Gangya	Ganggeva		773	21	3	28
4	Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla)	Prathama	Mahi Pāla	794	19	6	19
5	Jaya Deva	Saha Deva	Jadu Pāla	814	20	7	28
6	Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla	Indrajita (I)	Nai Pāla	834	14	4	9
7	Udiraj (or Adereh)	Nara Pāla	Jaya Deva Pāla	849	26	7	11
8	Vijaya (or Vacha)	Indrajita (II)	Chamra Pāla	875	21	2	13
9	Biksha (or Anek)	Vacha Raja	Bibasa Pāla	897	22	3	16
10	Rīksha Pāla	Vira Pāla	Sukla Pāla	919	21	6	5
11	Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla)	Go-Pāla	Teja Pāla	940	20	4	4
12	Go-Pāla	Tillan Dev	Mahi Pāla	961	18	3	15
13	Sallakshana Pāla	Suvari	Sursen	979	25	10	10
14	Jaya Pāla	Osa Pāla	Jaik Pāla	1005	16	4	3
15	Kunwar Pāla	Kumara Pāla		1021	29	9	18
16	Ananga Pāla (or Anek Pāla)	Ananga Pāla	Anek Pāla	1051	29	6	18
17	Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah)	Teja Pāla	Teja Pāla	1081	24	1	6
18	Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal)	Mahi Pāla	Jyūn Pāla	1105	25	2	23
19	Akr Pāla (or Akhsal)	Mukund Pāla	Ane Pāla	1130	21	2	15
	Prithivi Raja (Chahamana)	Prithvi Pala		1151

	RC Majumdar (1971)^[113]	AM Chowdhury (1967)^[114]	BP Sinha (1977)^[115]^{[failed verification]}	DC Sircar (1975–76)^[116]	D. K. Ganguly (1994)^[111]
Gopala I	750–770	756–781	755–783	750–775	750–774
Dharmapala	770–810	781–821	783–820	775–812	774–806
Devapala	810–c. 850	821–861	820–860	812–850	806–845
Mahendrapala	NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)				845–860
Shurapala I	Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I			850–858	860–872
Gopala II	NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.)
Vigrahapala I	850–853	861–866	860–865	858–60	872–873
Narayanapala	854–908	866–920	865–920	860–917	873–927
Rajyapala	908–940	920–952	920–952	917–952	927–959
Gopala III	940–957	952–969	952–967	952–972	959–976
Vigrahapala II	960–c. 986	969–995	967–980	972–977	976–977
Mahipala I	988–c. 1036	995–1043	980–1035	977–1027	977–1027
Nayapala	1038–1053	1043–1058	1035–1050	1027–1043	1027–1043
Vigrahapala III	1054–1072	1058–1075	1050–1076	1043–1070	1043–1070
Mahipala II	1072–1075	1075–1080	1076–1078/9	1070–1071	1070–1071
Shurapala II	1075–1077	1080–1082	1076–1078/9	1071–1072	1071–1072
Ramapala	1077–1130	1082–1124	1078/9–1132	1072–1126	1072–1126
Kumarapala	1130–1140	1124–1129	1132–1136	1126–1128	1126–1128
Gopala IV	1140–1144	1129–1143	1136–1144	1128–1143	1128–1143
Madanapala	1144–1162	1143–1162	1144–1161/62	1143–1161	1143–1161
Govindapala	1158–1162	NA	1162–1176 or 1158–1162	1161–1165	1161–1165
Palapala	NA	NA	NA	1165–1199	1165–1200