List_of_German_presidents

List of presidents of Germany

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A number of presidential offices have existed in Germany since the collapse of the German Empire in 1918.

The Weimar Constitution of August 1919 created the office of President of the Reich (German: Reichspräsident). Upon the death of Paul von Hindenburg in August 1934, the office was left vacant, with Adolf Hitler becoming head of state as Führer und Reichskanzler (retroactively approved by a referendum). In April–May 1945, Karl Dönitz briefly became President upon the suicide of Hitler (in accordance with Hitler's last will and testament).

The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany of May 1949 created the office of Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundespräsident der Bundesrepublik Deutschland). Since German reunification in 1990, the President has been the head of state for all of Germany.

The East German constitution of October 1949 created the office of President of the German Democratic Republic (German: Präsident der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik). Upon the death of Wilhelm Pieck in 1960, the office of president was replaced by a collective head of state, the Staatsrat ("State Council"). After the Staatsrat was abolished on 5 April 1990, the president of the Volkskammer ("People's Chamber") served as head of state until East Germany joined the Federal Republic on 3 October 1990

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[Kanzler-1] Acting President, as Chancellor of Germany.

[Reichsgericht-2] Acting President, as President of the Reichsgericht.

[Head_of_State-3] Acting head of state, as President of the Volkskammer.

[Staatsrat-4] Acting Chairman of the State Council, as Deputy Chairman of the State Council.

[Bundesrat-5] Acting President, as President of the Bundesrat.

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Reichspräsident	Took office	Left office	Time in office		Election
Ebert, FriedrichFriedrich Ebert (1871–1925)	11 February 1919	28 February 1925 †	6 years, 17 days	SPD	1919
Luther, HansHans Luther (1879–1962) Acting ^{[lower-alpha 1]}	28 February 1925	12 March 1925	12 days	Non partisan	–
Simons, WalterWalter Simons (1861–1937) Acting ^{[lower-alpha 2]}	12 March 1925	12 May 1925	61 days	Non partisan	–
Hindenburg, PaulGeneralfeldmarschall Paul von Hindenburg (1847–1934)	12 May 1925	2 August 1934 †	9 years, 82 days	Non partisan	1925 1932

Reichspräsident	Took office	Left office	Time in office		Election
Hindenburg, PaulGeneralfeldmarschall Paul von Hindenburg (1847–1934)	12 May 1925	2 August 1934 †	9 years, 82 days	Non partisan	1925 1932
Hitler, AdolfAdolf Hitler (1889–1945) Führer und Reichskanzler	2 August 1934	30 April 1945 †	10 years, 271 days	NSDAP	–
Dönitz, KarlGroßadmiral Karl Dönitz (1891–1980)	30 April 1945	23 May 1945	23 days	NSDAP	–

Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Time in office
President of the Republic Präsident der Republik
	Pieck, WilhelmWilhelm Pieck (1876–1960)	11 October 1949	7 September 1960 †	10 years, 332 days	SED
	Dieckmann, JohannesJohannes Dieckmann (1893–1969) Acting ^{[lower-alpha 3]}	7 September 1960	12 September 1960	5 days	LDPD
Chairman of the State Council Vorsitzender des Staatsrats
	Ulbricht, WalterWalter Ulbricht (1893–1973)	12 September 1960	1 August 1973 †	12 years, 323 days	SED
	Ebert, FriedrichFriedrich Ebert Jr. (1894–1979) Acting ^{[lower-alpha 4]}	1 August 1973	3 October 1973	63 days	SED
	Stoph, WilliWilli Stoph (1914–1999)	3 October 1973	29 October 1976	3 years, 26 days	SED
	Honecker, ErichErich Honecker (1912–1994)	29 October 1976	18 October 1989 (resigned)	12 years, 354 days	SED
	Krenz, EgonEgon Krenz (born 1937)	18 October 1989	6 December 1989 (resigned)	49 days	SED
	Gerlach, ManfredManfred Gerlach (1928–2011)	6 December 1989	5 April 1990 (office abolished)	120 days	LDPD
President of the People's Chamber Präsident der Volkskammer
	Bergmann-Pohl, SabineSabine Bergmann-Pohl (born 1946)	5 April 1990	2 October 1990 (office abolished)	180 days	CDU

Bundespräsident	Took office	Left office	Time in office		Election
Heuss, TheodorTheodor Heuss (1884–1963)	12 September 1949	12 September 1959	10 years	FDP	1949 1954
Lübke, HeinrichHeinrich Lübke (1894–1972)	13 September 1959	30 June 1969 (resigned)	9 years, 290 days	CDU	1959 1964
Heinemann, GustavGustav Heinemann (1899–1976)	1 July 1969	30 June 1974	4 years, 364 days	SPD	1969
Scheel, WalterWalter Scheel (1919–2016)	1 July 1974	30 June 1979	4 years, 364 days	FDP	1974
Carstens, KarlKarl Carstens (1914–1992)	1 July 1979	30 June 1984	4 years, 365 days	CDU	1979
Weizsäcker, RichardRichard von Weizsäcker (1920–2015)	1 July 1984	30 June 1994	9 years, 364 days	CDU	1984 1989
Herzog, RomanRoman Herzog (1934–2017)	1 July 1994	30 June 1999	4 years, 364 days	CDU	1994
Rau, JohannesJohannes Rau (1931–2006)	1 July 1999	30 June 2004	4 years, 365 days	SPD	1999
Köhler, HorstHorst Köhler (born 1943)	1 July 2004	31 May 2010 (resigned)	5 years, 334 days	CDU	2004 2009
Böhrnsen, JensJens Böhrnsen (born 1949) Acting ^{[lower-alpha 5]}	31 May 2010	30 June 2010	30 days	SPD	–
Wulff, ChristianChristian Wulff (born 1959)	30 June 2010	17 February 2012 (resigned)	1 year, 232 days	CDU	2010
Seehofer, HorstHorst Seehofer (born 1949) Acting ^{[lower-alpha 5]}	17 February 2012	18 March 2012	30 days	CSU	–
Gauck, JoachimJoachim Gauck (born 1940)	18 March 2012	18 March 2017	5 years	Independent	2012
Steinmeier, Frank-WalterFrank-Walter Steinmeier (born 1956)	19 March 2017	Incumbent	7 years, 36 days	SPD	2017 2022

List_of_German_presidents

List of presidents of Germany

German Reich (1871–1945)

Weimar Republic (1919–1933)

Nazi Germany (1933–1945)

German Democratic Republic (East Germany) (1949–1990)

Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)

Timeline

See also

Notes

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