The Kalambo River forms part of the border between Zambia and Tanzania. It is a comparatively small stream which rises on the Ufipa Plateau in Rukwa Region,Tanzania north-east of Mbala at an elevation of about 1800 m and descends into the Albertine Rift, entering the southeastern end of Lake Tanganyika at an elevation of about 770 m, in a straight-line distance of only about 50 km.^{[citation needed]} This accounts for its main claim to fame, its waterfall, Kalambo Falls, which is Africa's second highest falls (after South Africa's Tugela Falls). Below the falls, the river runs in a deep gorge.^{[citation needed]}

The site of the river includes important archaeological sites.

• UNESCO, World Heritage Centre, Kalambo falls archaeological site (prehistoric settlement site), 11/06/1997.
• "Forestry." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 17 June 2006 <http://search.eb.com/eb/article-26182>.

• "Photo Gallery: Children enjoy a swim in Kalambo River at Kapozwa Village near Lake Tanganyika in Kalambo District, Rukwa Region". 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-09-04. Retrieved 2012-09-04.

8°24′S 31°18′E