Kabardino-Balkar_Republic

Kabardino-Balkaria

Kabardino-Balkaria

First-level administrative division of Russia

Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рия), officially the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic,[note 1][13][14][15] is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus. As of the 2021 Census, its population was 904,200.[16] Its capital is Nalchik. The area contains the highest mountain in Europe, Mount Elbrus, at 5,642 m (18,510 ft). Mount Elbrus has 22 glaciers that feed three rivers — Baksan, Malka and Kuban. The mountain is covered with snow year-round.

Quick Facts Other transcription(s), • Kabardian ...

Geography

Cherek-Balkarskaya gorge

The republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part. The republic shares an international border with Georgia.

Kabardino-Balkaria is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.

Rivers

Major rivers include:

Lakes

Map of the republic
Mount Dykh-Tau
Prielbrusye
Tyzyl Gorge

There are about 100 lakes in the Republic, none of which is large. Just over half (55) are located between the Baksan and Malka Rivers, the largest each of an area of no more than 0.01 square kilometers (0.0039 sq mi). Some of the lakes are:

  • Tserikkel Lake (area 26,000 m2; depth 368 m)
  • Lower Goluboye Lake
  • Kel-Ketchen Lake (depth 177 m)
  • Upper Tserikkel Lake (depth 18 m)
  • Sekretnoye Lake
  • Tambukan Lake (area 1.77 km2; depth 1.5 to 2 m), partially within Stavropol Krai.

Mountains

Other major mountains include:

Natural resources

Kabardino-Balkaria's natural resources include molybdenum, tungsten, and coal.

Climate

The republic has a continental-type climate.

  • Average January temperature: −12 °C (10 °F) (mountains) to −4 °C (25 °F) (plains)
  • Average July temperature: +4 °C (39 °F) (mountains) to +23 °C (73 °F) (plains)
  • Average annual precipitation: 500–2,000 mm.

History

Main article: History of Kabardino-Balkaria

It is known that modern-day Circassians also called Kassogs were inhabiting Kabardino Balkaria since at least the 6th century BCE, then known as Zichia.[17] On 1 July 1994 Kabardino-Balkaria became the second republic after Tatarstan to sign a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy.[18]

Politics

The head of government in Kabardino-Balkaria is the Head. The current Head is Kazbek Kokov.[19] The legislative body of the Republic is the Parliament comprising 72 deputies elected for a five-year term.[4][20]

The republic adopted a new constitution in 2001 which prevents the republic from existing independently of the Russian Federation.[21]

Administrative divisions

This section is an excerpt from Administrative divisions of Kabardino-Balkaria.[edit]

Demographics

Life expectancy at birth in Kabardino-Balkaria
More information Year, Pop. ...

Population: 904,200 (2021 Census);[16] 859,939 (2010 Census);[22] 901,494 (2002 Census);[23] 759,586 (1989 Census).[24]

Life expectancy:[25][26]

2019 2021
Average: 76.5 years 73.8 years
Male: 72.6 years 69.9 years
Female: 79.9 years 77.3 years
Balkars in 1936
Kabardian wrestler Beslan Mudranov won Russia's first gold medal at the Rio 2016 Olympics

Vital statistics

Source:[27][28]
More information Average population (x 1000), Live births ...

Note: TFR 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 source.[29]

Ethnic groups

Kabardino-Balkaria includes two major ethnic communities, the Kabardins (Circassians), who speak a North-West Caucasian language, and the Balkars who speak a Turkic language. According to the 2021 Census,[30] Kabardins make up 57.1% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (19.8%) and Balkars (13.7%). Other groups include Cherkess (3.0%), Turks (1.9%), Ossetians (0.8%), Romani (0.5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

More information Ethnic group, 1926 Census1 ...

Religion

More information Religion in Kabardino-Balkaria as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas) ...
Mosque in Kabardino-Balkaria
Catholic church in Kabardino-Balkaria (Diocese of Saratov, Blagoveshchenka)

According to a 2012 survey which interviewed 56,900 people,[33] 70.8% of the population of Kabardino-Balkaria adhered to Islam, 11.6% to the Russian Orthodox Church, 3.8% were non-Orthodox Christians, and 1.8% followed Adyghe (Kabardian) folk religion and other indigenous faiths. In addition, 12% of the population declared to be "spiritual but not religious" and 5.6% was atheist or followed other religions, including Jehovah's Witnesses.[33]

See also

Notes

  1. [N 1]
    Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика, romanized: Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ, romanized: Ķêbêrdej-Baĺķêr Respublikê; Karachay-Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика, romanized: Qabartı-Malqar Respublika

References

  1. [1]
    Law #13-RZ
  2. [2]
    Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  3. [3]
    Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  4. [4]
    Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Article 91
  5. [5]
    Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Article 78
  6. [6]
    Official website of the Head of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Biography Archived October 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
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    "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
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    "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
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    "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
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    "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  11. [11]
    Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  12. [12]
    Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Article 76
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    "Head of Kabardino-Balkarian Republic reported to the President on the situation in Mount Elbrus region". President of Russia. September 2, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
  14. [14]
    "Russia's federal constituent entities". Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
  15. [15]
    Skutsch, Carl (November 7, 2013). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-19388-1.
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    Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  17. [17]
    Kazhdan, A. P.; Talbot, A-M. M.; Cutler, A.; Gregory, T. E.; Ševčenko, N. P., eds. (1991). The Oxford dictionary of Byzantium. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8. OCLC 22733550.
  18. [18]
    Solnick, Steven (May 29, 1996). "Asymmetries in Russian Federation Bargaining" (PDF). The National Council for Soviet and East European Research: 12.
  19. [19]
    Путин опять увольняет губернаторов, а на их место назначает однофамильцев или бывших губернаторов. А-а-а! Как не запутаться? Вот шпаргалка. Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved September 26, 2018.
  20. [20]
    Constitution, Article 94.
  21. [21]
    Bell 2003, p. 78.
  22. [22]
    Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  23. [23]
    Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  24. [24]
    Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  25. [25]
    "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  26. [26]
    "Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении" [Life expectancy at birth]. Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System of Russia (in Russian). Archived from the original on February 20, 2022. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
  27. [27]
    Russian Federal State Statistics Service Archived April 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  28. [28]
    "Официальные статистические показатели" (in Russian).
  29. [29]
    "Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики". Archived from the original on March 24, 2013.
  30. [30]
    "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
  31. [31]
    "население кабардино-балкарии".
  32. [32]
    "ВПН-2010". Archived from the original on December 25, 2018. Retrieved December 22, 2011.
  33. [33]
    "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
  34. [34]
    2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.

Sources

  • Bell, Imogen (2003). The Territories of the Russian Federation 2003. Europa Publications. ISBN 1-85743-191-X.
  • Совет Республики Парламента Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. Закон №13-РЗ от 4 августа 1994 г. «О государственном гимне Кабардино-Балкарской Республики», в ред. Закона №13-РЗ от 13 апреля 2015 г «О внесении изменений в статьи 2 и 4 Закона Кабардино-Балкарской Республики "О государственном гимне Кабардино-Балкарской Республики"». Вступил в силу 18 августа 1994 г. Опубликован: "Кабардино-Балкарская правда", №148, 12 августа 1994 г. (Council of the Republic of the Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Law #13-RZ of August 4, 1994 On the State Anthem of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, as amended by the Law #13-RZ of April 13, 2015 On Amending Articles 2 and 4 of the Law of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic "On the State Anthem of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic". Effective as of August 18, 1994.).
  • Парламент Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. №28-РЗ 1 сентября 1997 г. «Конституция Кабардино-Балкарской Республики», в ред. Закона №40-РЗ от 19 октября 2015 г. «О поправках к Конституции Кабардино-Балкарской Республики». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кабардино-Балкарская правда", №177, 9 сентября 1997 г. (Parliament of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. #28-RZ September 1, 1997 Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, as amended by the Law #40-RZ of October 19, 2015 On the Amendments to the Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Дударев, В. А.; Евсеева, Н. А. (1987). И. Каманина (ed.). СССР. Административно-территориальное деление союзных республик (in Russian). Moscow.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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