Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KARS gene.^[5][6][7]

Quick Facts KARS1, Available structures ...

KARS1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3BJU, 4DPG, 4YCU, 4YCW
Identifiers
Aliases	KARS1, KARS2, CMTRIB, lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1, KRS, Lysyl-tRNA synthetase, KARS, DFNB89, LEPID, DEAPLE
External IDs	OMIM: 601421; MGI: 1934754; HomoloGene: 4053; GeneCards: KARS1; OMA:KARS1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 16 (human)[1] Band 16q23.1 Start 75,627,474 bp[1] End 75,648,643 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 8 (mouse)[2] Band 8 E1|8 58.27 cM Start 112,720,075 bp[2] End 112,737,955 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in parietal pleura visceral pleura parotid gland endothelial cell tibialis anterior muscle deltoid muscle tibia oral cavity Brodmann area 23 palpebral conjunctiva Top expressed in primitive streak yolk sac otic placode morula maxillary prominence medial ganglionic eminence abdominal wall somite endocardial cushion medullary collecting duct More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity nucleotide binding amino acid binding tRNA binding lysine-tRNA ligase activity ligase activity protein binding nucleic acid binding ATP binding ATP adenylyltransferase activity protein homodimerization activity transferase activity identical protein binding Cellular component membrane plasma membrane extracellular region mitochondrial matrix mitochondrion extracellular space aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex nucleus cytoplasm cytosol Biological process protein biosynthesis tRNA processing tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation viral process basophil activation involved in immune response negative regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of macrophage activation positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated ERK1 and ERK2 cascade positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade positive regulation of metallopeptidase activity diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process response to X-ray Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3735 85305 Ensembl ENSG00000065427 ENSMUSG00000031948 UniProt Q15046 Q99MN1 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005548 NM_001130089 NM_001378148 NM_001130868 NM_001286384 NM_053092 NM_001363429 NM_001363430 RefSeq (protein) NP_001123561 NP_005539 NP_001365077 NP_001124340 NP_001273313 NP_444322 NP_001350358 NP_001350359 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 75.63 – 75.65 Mb Chr 8: 112.72 – 112.74 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a homodimer localized to the cytoplasm which belongs to the class II family of tRNA synthetases. It has been shown to be a target of autoantibodies in the human autoimmune diseases, polymyositis or dermatomyositis^[7]

Besides its role in translation, Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is involved in a signaling pathway leading to gene activation.^[8] Following physiological stimulation of a variety of cells, Lysyl-tRNA synthetase binds to the transcription factors MITF^[9] and USF2^[10] and can then influence their transcriptional activities. Such physiological stimulation includes immunological activation of mast cells, so this pathway maybe relevant to the allergic response.

KARS (gene) has been shown to interact with Multisynthetase complex auxiliary component p38.^[11][12] Physiological trigger such as immunological activation results in the phosphorylation of LysRS on its serine residues. It separates from the multisynthetase complex and initiates Ap4A production.^[8]