Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).^[1]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$^Q; 6th century).^[2]

Verse 5

"Behold, the days are coming," says the Lord,

"That I will raise to David a Branch of righteousness

A King shall reign and prosper,

And execute judgment and righteousness in the earth."^[6]

The ideal of a "great king reigning with justice and righteousness" was founded on the promise of God to King David:

Your house and your kingdom shall be established forever before you. Your throne shall be established forever.^[7]

"Branch" would later become a messianic title (cf. Zechariah 3:8 and 6:12).^[8] The New Century Version (aimed at younger readers) paraphrases the title as "a good branch in David’s family".^[9]

Verse 6

"In His days Judah will be saved,

And Israel will dwell safely;

Now this is His name by which He will be called:

THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS."^[10]

• "THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS" (Hebrew: יהוה צדקנו, Yah-weh tsiḏ-qê-nū;^[11][12] cf. Jeremiah 33:16) a contrast to the name of Zedekiah, meaning "The Lord is My Righteousness" (Jeremiah 21:1), whose rule (597-586 BC) is "a great misnomer" compared to the "true, righteous rule" by God's appointed king (see also Isaiah 9:7; Isaiah 11:1–10).^[13]

Verse 30

"Therefore behold, I am against the prophets," says the Lord, "who steal My words every one from his neighbor."

• "Says the Lord": from Hebrew נאם־יהוה, nə-’um-YHWH,^[14] literally "oracle of the Lord".^[15]
• "My words": that is 'their own word that they claim is from the Lord' (cf. verse 31).^[16]

Verse 31

"Behold, I am against the prophets," says the Lord, "who use their tongues and say, 'He says.'"^[17]

• "Says the Lord": from Hebrew "nə-’um-YHWH", "oracle of the Lord".^[18][19] (cf. verse 30).
• "He says": from Hebrew נאם, nə-’um,^[18] without the qualifying name "the Lord" to suggest the 'delusive nature' of the false prophets' message, that 'they mislead people into believing that their message is from the Lord'.^[20]