General elections were held in Japan on 10 December 1972. The result was a victory for the Liberal Democratic Party, which won 271 of the 491 seats.^[1] Voter turnout was 71.76%.

Quick Facts All 491 seats in the House of Representatives 246 seats needed for a majority, Turnout ...

1972 Japanese general election

← 1969 10 December 1972 1976 →
All 491 seats in the House of Representatives 246 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	71.76% (3.25pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Kakuei Tanaka Tomomi Narita Kenji Miyamoto Party Liberal Democratic Socialist Communist Leader since 5 July 1972 30 November 1968 1 August 1958 Leader's seat Niigata–3rd Kagawa–1st Did not contest Last election 47.63%, 288 seats 21.44%, 90 seats 6.81%, 14 seats Seats won 271 118 38 Seat change 17 28 24 Popular vote 24,563,199 11,478,742 5,496,827 Percentage 46.85% 21.90% 10.49% Swing 0.78pp 0.46pp 3.68pp   Fourth party Fifth party   Leader Yoshikatsu Takeiri Kasuga Ikkō Party Kōmeitō Democratic Socialist Leader since 13 February 1967 August 1971 Leader's seat Tokyo–10th Aichi–1st Last election 10.91%, 47 seats 7.74%, 31 seats Seats won 29 19 Seat change 18 12 Popular vote 4,436,755 3,660,953 Percentage 8.46% 6.98% Swing 2.45pp 0.76pp
Prime Minister before election Kakuei Tanaka Liberal Democratic Prime Minister after election Kakuei Tanaka Liberal Democratic

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Little changed in the aftermath of the election; the LDP saw a slight decrease in seat numbers (debatably due to it fielding more candidates than ever before as a result of regained confidence in 1969),^[2] and its vote share remained below 50% (even with the addition of conservative-aligned independents). The Japan Socialist Party won over 100 seats following its disastrous results in the 1969 Japanese general election, although infighting continued within the party over choosing cooperation with Kōmeitō or the Japanese Communist Party, coined "Civil Service or Joint Struggle". Fears remained that it would be overtaken by the resurgence of the JCP.

The Japanese Communist Party was arguably the biggest winner of the election. Its seat count nearly tripled in relation to the 1969 election, and in the span of two elections, it had went from 5 to 38 seats. This meant it beat its post-war peak of 35 representatives in 1949. The other two opposition parties, the DSP and Kōmeitō, suffered losses despite cooperation with each other. Kōmeitō was going through a series of scandals around its censorship of press critical to it (aptly named the Press Publication Obstruction cases [ja]) which severely damaged its public image, and gave favor to the JCP, with image of the Soka Gakkai as a cult beginning to emerge. The DSP also lost 12 seats.