Following is a list of all Article III United States federal judges appointed by President James Madison during his presidency.^[1] In total Madison appointed 13 Article III federal judges, including 2 Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States, 2 judges to the United States circuit courts, and 9 judges to the United States district courts. One of Madison's district court appointments was in fact appointed twice, to succeed himself on the same court, having resigned from the first appointment to pursue another political office.

• President Madison appointed Joseph Story, the youngest person ever appointed to the Supreme Court, who went on to write many noted opinions.
• Robert Trimble, appointed as a district court judge by Madison, was later elevated to the Supreme Court by John Quincy Adams.