James Monroe Pendleton (January 10, 1822 – February 16, 1889) was a U.S. Representative from Rhode Island.

Born in North Stonington, Connecticut, Pendleton attended school in North Stonington and Suffield, Connecticut. He moved to Westerly, Rhode Island, and engaged in mercantile pursuits and later in the insurance business and banking. He served in the State senate 1862-1865. He served as delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1868.

Pendleton was elected as a Republican to the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses (March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1875). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1874 to the Forty-fourth Congress. He served as member of the State house of representatives 1879-1884. He served as chairman of the State board of charities and corrections 1884-1889. He died in Westerly, Rhode Island, February 16, 1889. He was interred in River Bend Cemetery.

• United States Congress. "James M. Pendleton (id: P000204)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

• James M. Pendleton at Find a Grave

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress