Irony_of_Negro_Policeman
Irony of Negro Policeman
1981 painting by Jean-Michel Basquiat
Irony of Negro Policeman is a painting created by American artist Jean-Michel Basquiat in 1981. It depicts a black figure as police officer.
| Irony of Negro Policeman | |
|---|---|
| Artist | Jean-Michel Basquiat |
| Year | 1981 |
| Medium | Acrylic and oilstick on wood |
| Movement | Neo-expressionism |
| Dimensions | 122 cm × 183 cm (48 in × 72 in) |
| Location | Private collection |
By 1981, Jean-Michel Basquiat made the transition from street artist to a gallery artist.[1] Basquiat joined the Anina Nosei Gallery in New York, and Nosei provided him with studio space in the basement of her gallery where he created some of his most important artworks such as Irony of a Negro Policeman. The painting sold for $12.6 million at a Phillips Contemporary Art auction in 2012.[2]
The figure in the artwork—a black man dressed in a midnight blue police uniform—represents the totalitarian black mass.[3] The hat that frames the head of the policeman resembles a cage, and represents what Basquiat believes are the constrained independent perceptions of African-Americans at the time, and how constrained the policeman's own perceptions were within white society. Basquiat drew upon his Haitian heritage by painting a hat that resembles the top hat associated with Baron Samedi of the Gede family of lwa, who embody the powers of death in Haitian Vodou.[1]
Race was one of the most important themes in Basquiat's oeuvre. He consistently placed the black figure at the center of his artwork because as he stated: "Black people are never really portrayed realistically in...I mean, not even portrayed in modern art enough."[4] However, by titling the artwork "IRONY OF NEGRO PLCEMN" next to the figure, Basquiat is suggesting irony in that the oppressed is wearing the uniform of the oppressor. Author Jana Evans Braziel noted: The elided vowels in the word "policeman" (painted onto the wood panel as "PLCEMN") suggest that the "Negro Policeman" is merely a placement: a position or cog within the machine; as a placement, there can also be a replacement: to the system, he is expendable.[1]
Irony of a Negro Policeman was painted the same year Basquiat created La Hara (1981), a menacing depiction of a white policeman. However the contrast of intimidation are opposites. The black officer in Irony of a Negro Policeman is outlined in white with a mask-like face, symbolizing hypocrisy, whereas La Hara's cryptic message is conveyed with brutal-looking skeleton of a white officer.[5]
Irony of a Negro Policeman has been exhibited at major art institutions worldwide, which include:
- Jean-Michel Basquiat at Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, October 1992–February 1993;[1] The Menil Collection in Houston, March–May 1993;[1] Des Moines Art Center in Iowa, May–August 1993;[1] Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts in Alabama, November 1993–January 1994.
- Basquiat at the Brooklyn Museum in New York, March 11–June 2005;[6] Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, July–October 2005;[7] Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, November 2005–February 2006.
- Basquiat at Fondation Beyeler in Switzerland, May–September 2010;[8] Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, October 2010–January 2011.[9]
- Basquiat's 'Defacement': The Untold Story at Guggenheim Museum in New York, June–November 2019.[10]
- Braziel, Jana Evans (2008). "Trans-American Art on the Streets: Jean-Michel Basquiat's Black Canvas Bodies and Urban Vodou-Art in Manhattan". Artists, Performers, and Black Masculinity in the Haitian Diaspora. Indiana University Press. pp. 183–198. ISBN 978-0-253-21978-7. LCCN 2007051595. OCLC 177008074. OL 9357461W.
- Elliott, Hannah (June 28, 2012). "Warhol, Basquiat Set World Record At Phillips". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
- Delectant. "Irony Of The Negro Policeman (1981), Jean-Michel Basquiat". DELECTANT. Retrieved 2020-10-11.
- Blair, Elizabeth (May 19, 2017). "Jean-Michel Basquiat Painting Sells For Record $110.5 Million". NPR. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
- "Press: Phillips Presents Irony of Negro Policeman by Jean-Michel Basquiat". Phillips. June 8, 2012. Retrieved 2020-10-11.
- "Brooklyn Museum: Basquiat". Brooklyn Museum. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
- "Basquiat: A Major Retrospective - Museum of Contemporary Art, LA". Absolutearts. July 18, 2005. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
- "Jean-Michel Basquiat at Fondation Beyeler". www.artforum.com. Retrieved 2020-09-28.
- "Basquiat". Musée d’Art Moderne de Paris. Retrieved 2020-09-28.
- Mitter, Siddhartha (2019-07-30). "Behind Basquiat's 'Defacement': Reframing a Tragedy (Published 2019)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-10-11.