International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart

International Phonetic Alphabet chart

Phonetic symbol chart

The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.

This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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This article uses material from the Wikipedia article International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

◌̋	˥	꜒	Extra-high (top)
◌́	˦	꜓	High
◌̄	˧	꜔	Mid
◌̀	˨	꜕	Low
◌̏	˩	꜖	Extra-low (bottom)
ꜜ◌			Downstep
ꜛ◌			Upstep

◌̌	˩˥	꜖꜒	Rising (low to high)
◌̂	˥˩	꜒꜖	Falling (high to low)
◌᷄	˧˥	꜔꜒	High rising
	˨˦	꜕꜓	Mid rising
◌᷅	˩˧	꜖꜔	Low rising
◌᷇	˥˧	꜒꜔	High falling
	˦˨	꜓꜕	Mid falling
◌᷆	˧˩	꜔꜖	Low falling
◌᷈	˧˥˨, ˨˦˨, ˩˧˩	꜔꜒꜕, ꜕꜓꜕, ꜖꜔꜖	Rising–falling (Peaking)
◌᷉	˥˧˥, ˦˨˦, ˧˩˧	꜒꜔꜒, ꜓꜕꜓, ꜔꜖꜔	Falling–rising (Dipping)

◌̥		◌̊		Voiceless	◌̤		Breathy voiced	◌̪	◌͆	Dental
◌̬				Voiced	◌̰		Creaky voiced	◌̺		Apical
◌ʰ				Aspirated	◌̼		Linguolabial	◌̻		Laminal
◌̹	◌͗		◌˒	More rounded	◌ʷ		Labialized	◌̃		Nasalized
◌̜	◌͑		◌˓	Less rounded	◌ʲ		Palatalized	◌ⁿ		Nasal release
◌̟		◌˖		Advanced	◌ˠ		Velarized	◌ˡ		Lateral release
◌̠		◌˗		Retracted	◌ˤ		Pharyngealized	◌̚		No audible release
◌̈				Centralized	◌̴		Velarized or pharyngealized	◌ᵊ		Mid central vowel release
◌̽				Mid-centralized	◌̝	◌˔	Raised	◌ᶿ		Voiceless dental fricative release
◌̩		◌̍		Syllabic	◌̞	◌˕	Lowered	◌ˣ		Voiceless velar fricative release
◌̯		◌̑		Non-syllabic	◌̘	◌꭪	Advanced tongue root	◌ʼ		Ejective
◌˞				Rhoticity	◌̙	◌꭫	Retracted tongue root	◌͡◌ ◌͜◌		Affricate or double articulation

ˈ	Primary stress
ˌ	Secondary stress
ː	Long
ˑ	Half-long
◌̆	Extra-short
\|	Minor (foot) group
‖	Major (intonation) group
.	Syllable break
‿	Linking (absence of a break)
↗︎	Global rise
↘︎	Global fall

[ ]	Phonetic transcription
/ /	Phonemic transcription
{ }	Prosodic notation
( )	Indistinguishable utterance
⸨ ⸩	Sound obscured

International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart

International Phonetic Alphabet chart

Official chart

Vowels

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Non-pulmonic consonants

Co-articulated consonants

Other consonants

Tones

Auxiliary symbols

See also

External links

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