Fermín Francisco de Carvajal-Vargas y Alarcón, 1st Duke of San Carlos and Grandee of Spain (Chile, 1722 – Madrid, 1799) was a Spanish-Peruvian noble. He was the last Correo Mayor de Indias, responsible for the postal communication between the Americas and Spain.

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He was married at the Cathedral of Lima on 11 June 1741 to his cousin Joaquina María Magdalena Brun y Carvajal. The couple had four children:

• Magdalena de Carvajal, later Marquise of Lara;
• Mariano Joaquín de Carvajal-Vargas (died 1796), later 5th Count of Puerto. Father of José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas, 2nd Duke of San Carlos;
• Diego Melchor de Carvajal-Vargas;
• Luis Fermín de Carvajal, later 1st Count of La Unión.

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