Russia is divided into twelve economic regions (Russian: экономи́ческие райо́ны, romanized: ekonomicheskiye rayony) — groups of federal subjects sharing the following characteristics:

• Common economic and social goals and participation in development programs;
• Relatively similar economic conditions and potential;
• Similar climatic, ecological, and geological conditions;
• Similar methods of technical inspection of new construction;
• Similar methods of conducting customs oversight;
• Overall similar living conditions of the population.

No federal subject can belong to more than one economic region.

Economic regions are also grouped into economic zones (also called "macrozones"). An economic region or its parts can belong to more than one economic zone.

Establishment and abolition of economic regions and economic zones or any changes in their composition are decided upon by the federal government of Russia.

This division into economic regions is different from the division into federal districts. The former are solely for economic and statistical purposes, and the latter exist solely to uphold the federal laws on the territory of the country.

The following is the list and composition^[1] of the economic regions, sorted by population.

• Central Black Earth (Центрально-Чернозёмный, Tsentralno-Chernozyomny)

1. Belgorod Oblast
2. Kursk Oblast
3. Lipetsk Oblast
4. Tambov Oblast
5. Voronezh Oblast

• Central (Центральный, Tsentralny)

1. Bryansk Oblast
2. Ivanovo Oblast
3. Kaluga Oblast
4. Kostroma Oblast
5. Moscow (federal city)
6. Moscow Oblast
7. Oryol Oblast
8. Ryazan Oblast
9. Smolensk Oblast
10. Tula Oblast
11. Tver Oblast
12. Vladimir Oblast
13. Yaroslavl Oblast

• East Siberian (Восточно-Сибирский, Vostochno-Sibirsky)

1. Irkutsk Oblast
2. Khakassia
3. Krasnoyarsk Krai
4. Tuva Republic

• Far Eastern (Дальневосточный, Dalnevostochny)

1. Amur Oblast
2. Buryat Republic
3. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
4. Jewish Autonomous Oblast
5. Kamchatka Krai
6. Khabarovsk Krai
7. Magadan Oblast
8. Primorsky Krai
9. Sakha
10. Sakhalin Oblast
11. Zabaykalsky Krai

• Kaliningrad (Калининградский, Kaliningradsky)

1. Kaliningrad Oblast

• North Caucasus (Северо-Кавказский, Severo-Kavkazsky)

1. Adygea
2. Chechen Republic
3. Crimea
4. Dagestan
5. Ingushetia
6. Kabardino-Balkar Republic
7. Karachay–Cherkess Republic
8. Krasnodar Krai
9. North Ossetia–Alania
10. Rostov Oblast
11. Sevastopol (federal city)
12. Stavropol Krai

• Northern (Северный, Severny)

1. Arkhangelsk Oblast
2. Karelia
3. Komi Republic
4. Murmansk Oblast
5. Nenets Autonomous Okrug
6. Vologda Oblast

• Northwestern (Северо-Западный, Severo-Zapadny)

1. Leningrad Oblast
2. Novgorod Oblast
3. Pskov Oblast
4. Saint Petersburg (federal city)

• Ural (Уральский, Uralsky)

1. Bashkortostan
2. Chelyabinsk Oblast
3. Kurgan Oblast
4. Orenburg Oblast
5. Perm Krai
6. Sverdlovsk Oblast
7. Udmurt Republic

• Volga (Поволжский, Povolzhsky), the traditional name of the region, meaning "the area by the Volga River"

1. Astrakhan Oblast
2. Kalmykia
3. Penza Oblast
4. Samara Oblast
5. Saratov Oblast
6. Tatarstan
7. Ulyanovsk Oblast
8. Volgograd Oblast

• Volga-Vyatka (Волго-Вятский, Volgo-Vyatsky)

1. Chuvash Republic
2. Kirov Oblast
3. Mari El Republic
4. Mordovia
5. Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

• West Siberian (Западно-Сибирский, Zapadno-Sibirsky)

1. Altai Krai
2. Altai Republic
3. Kemerovo Oblast
4. Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug
5. Novosibirsk Oblast
6. Omsk Oblast
7. Tomsk Oblast
8. Tyumen Oblast
9. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

• List of economic zones and macrozones of Russia