The Women's road time trial cycling events at the 2016 Summer Paralympics took place on September 17 at Flamengo Park, Pontal. Seven events took place over thirteen classifications. Four of these events, spanning multiple classifications were 'factored' events, with final times adjusted in line with classification to ensure fairness.

Cyclists are given a classification depending on the type and extent of their disability. The classification system allows cyclists to compete against others with a similar level of function. The class number indicates the severity of impairment with "1" being most impaired.

Cycling classes are:^[1]

• B: Blind and visually impaired cyclists use a Tandem bicycle with a sighted pilot on the front
• H 1–4: Cyclists with an impairment that affects their legs use a handcycle
• T 1–2: Cyclists with an impairment that affects their balance use a tricycle
• C 1-5: Cyclists with an impairment that affects their legs, arms and/or trunk but are capable of using a standard bicycle