Coal_mining_in_Russia
Coal in Russia
Coal use and production in Russia
Coal supplied over a tenth of energy in Russia in 2022.[1] The prominence of coal power in Russia has been declining since 1990, although Russia has among the largest coal reserves in the world.[2] Russia is the fifth largest consumer of coal in the world and is the sixth largest producer of coal.[3] It is also the world's third largest coal exporter, vying with Australia and Indonesia for markets.[4] It causes pollution in Russia and climate change.[5]
 | This article needs to be updated. (May 2020) |
The major areas of coal production are the Moscow, Pechora, Kuznetsk, Kansk-Achinsk, Irkutsk and South Yakutsk basins.[6] Over two-thirds of coal produced in Russia is used domestically.[7]
| Year | Coal Production (Million tons) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | 425 | ||||||
| 1990 | 395 | ||||||
| 1995 | 263 | ||||||
| 1998 | 232 | ||||||
| 2000 | 258 | ||||||
| 2003 | 277 | ||||||
| 2004 | 284 | ||||||
| 2005 | 300 | ||||||
| 2006 | 309 | ||||||
| 2008 | 329 | ||||||
| 2009 | 323 | ||||||
| 2010 | 323 | ||||||
| 2011 | 338 | ||||||
| 2012 | 355 | ||||||
| 2013 | 352 | ||||||
| 2014 | 359 | ||||||
| 2015 | 374 | ||||||
| 2016 | 386 | ||||||
| 2017 | 411 | ||||||
| 2018 | 439 | ||||||
| 2019 | 441 | ||||||
| 2020 | 402 | ||||||
| 2021 | 438.4 | ||||||
| 2022 | 443.6 | ||||||
| Sources:[7][8][2][9][10][11][12] | |||||||
Russia is self-sufficient in coal, and consumed 323 million tons of coal in 2009.[7] The percentage of coal in Russian power generation has been declining since 1990, when it was 20.7%, due to growing gas consumption as well as rising nuclear and hydroelectric energy production.[2] In 2022 18% of Russia's electricity was generated from coal,[1] and there was 40GW of installed capacity.[13]
![[icon]](./File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2023) |
Coal mining is damaging health and the environment.[14] Some greenhouse gas emissions by Russia are from coal. Carbon capture and storage is not cost effective.[15]
Most Russian coal exports go to Asian countries,[16][17] with China being the largest market with a quarter of exports.[18] Coal power plants in Turkey, such as Emba Hunutlu, which burn imported coal prefer Russian because it is cheaper than imports from other countries.[19]
Russia was sixth in the world in terms of coal production. It produced 323 million tons of coal in 2009, roughly 4% of the world's total production.[8][3] As the overall Russian economy shrank in the 1990s following the fall of the Soviet Union and transition to a market economy, coal production decreased as well, falling from a production of 425 million tons in 1988 to 232 million tons in 1998.
Coal production began to rise as the Russian economy rebounded following the 1998 financial crisis, but failed to reach Soviet-era production levels as it peaked at 329 million tons in 2008.[7][8] Production once again declined with the effects from the 2008 global economic downturn and as world coal prices fell.[20] Coal prices began to recover in 2010 and supported an almost 10 percent rise in Russian production until 2012. The trend continued even as world coal prices fell, as the devaluation of the ruble made Russian coal exports more competitive globally.[20]
Personal ranks and rank insignia
In 1947, personal ranks were introduced for the personnel of the coal industry and mining construction, as well as uniforms with rank insignia on the collar patches of tunics, jackets, great coats, and summer blouses.[21] The personal ranks were abolished in 1954, for the coal industry and mining construction, as well as for most other civilian departments and agencies.[22]
| HIGHER ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT STAFF | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collar patches |  |
 |
 |
|
| Personal ranks | Director general of the coal industry | Director general of mining, first class | Director general of mining, second class | Director general of mining, third class |
| SENIOR ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT STAFF | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collar patches |  |
 |
 |
 |
| Branch | Technical | |||
| Collar patches |  |
 |
 | |
| Branch | Administrative | |||
| Collar patches |  |
 |
 |
 |
| Branch | Government Mining Inspection | |||
| Personal ranks | Mining director | Mining director, first class |
Mining director, second class |
Mining director, third class |
| MIDDLE ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT STAFF | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collar patches |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Branch | Technical | |||||
| Collar patches |  |
 |
 |
|||
| Branch | Government Mining Inspection | |||||
| Personal ranks | Mining engineer, first class |
Mining engineer, second class |
Mining engineer, third class |
Mining technician, first class |
Mining technician, second class |
Mining technician, third class |
| JUNIOR ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT STAFF | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collar patches |  |
 |
 |
 |
| Personal ranks | Junior mining technician |
Senior mining master |
Mining master, first grade |
Mining mastern second grade |
- Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max; Rosado, Pablo (27 October 2022). "Energy". Our World in Data.
- Sokolov, Dmitry (15 October 2007). "Coal Supply Outlook in Russia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2012.
- "Coal Mining in the Russian Federation". MBendi Information Services. 2010. Archived from the original on 18 May 2002. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
- Overland, Indra; Loginova, Julia (1 August 2023). "The Russian coal industry in an uncertain world: Finally pivoting to Asia?". Energy Research & Social Science. 102: 103150. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2023.103150. ISSN 2214-6296.
- "Huge methane emission from Russian coal mine". BBC News. 15 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
- Lawson, Peter (2002). "An Introduction to the Russian Coal Industry" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2006.
- "Russia- Electricity". U.S. Energy Information Administration. November 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
- "Coalmining in Russia". Ignatov & Company Group. October 2010. Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
- "Statistics". Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation. 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
- kgi-admin (20 March 2023). "Thermal power capacity in Russia and major projects". Power Technology. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
- EJOLT. "Environmental Justice Atlas". Environmental Justice Atlas. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
- Cherepovitsyna, Alina; Kuznetsova, Ekaterina; Guseva, Tatiana (1 March 2023). "The costs of CC(U)S adaptation: The case of Russian power industry". Energy Reports. 2022 9th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems Engineering. 9: 704–710. doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.104. ISSN 2352-4847. S2CID 253658467.
- Tan, Huileng. "Asia is in the middle of a record heatwave, and Russia is reaping the financial rewards of it". Business Insider. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
- Overland, Indra; Loginova, Julia (1 August 2023). "The Russian coal industry in an uncertain world: Finally pivoting to Asia?". Energy Research & Social Science. 102: 103150. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2023.103150. ISSN 2214-6296.
- Martus, Ellie; Fortescue, Stephen (19 August 2022). "Russian coal in a changing climate: risks and opportunities for industry and government". Climatic Change. 173 (3): 26. Bibcode:2022ClCh..173...26M. doi:10.1007/s10584-022-03420-0. hdl:1885/307512. ISSN 1573-1480. S2CID 251649557.
- "Turkey's new power plant exposes 'huge contradictions' of net zero pledge". Financial Times. 27 July 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
- Uzhakhov, Bilan (11 July 2016). "Is there a future for the Russian coal industry?". World Coal. Retrieved 14 August 2017.