Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel

Close-mid central unrounded vowel

Close-mid central unrounded vowel

Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɘ⟩ in IPA

The close-mid central unrounded vowel, or high-mid central unrounded vowel,[1] is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɘ⟩. This is a mirrored letter e and should not be confused with the schwa ⟨ə⟩, which is a turned e. It was added to the IPA in 1993; before that, this vowel was transcribed ⟨ë⟩ (Latin small letter e with diaeresis, not Cyrillic small letter yo). Certain older sources[2] transcribe this vowel ⟨ɤ̈⟩.

Quick Facts ɘ, IPA Number ...
More information IPA: Vowels, Front ...

The ⟨ɘ⟩ letter may be used with a lowering diacritic ⟨ɘ̞⟩, to denote the mid central unrounded vowel.

Conversely, ⟨ə⟩, the symbol for the mid central vowel may be used with a raising diacritic ⟨ə̝⟩ to denote the close-mid central unrounded vowel, although that is more accurately written with an additional unrounding diacritic ⟨ə̝͑⟩ to explicitly denote the lack of rounding (the canonical value of IPA ⟨ə⟩ is undefined for rounding).

Features

Occurrence

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Notes

  1. [1]
    While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".
  2. [2]
    For example Collins & Mees (1990).
  3. [3]
    Kerr (1988:110)
  4. [4]
    Remijsen & Manyang (2009:117, 119)
  5. [5]
    Cox (2006:?)
  6. [6]
    Durie & Hajek (1994:?)
  7. [7]
    Collins & Mees (1990:93)
  8. [8]
    Collins & Mees (1990:92)
  9. [9]
    Bauer et al. (2007)
  10. [10]
    Roca & Johnson (1999:186)
  11. [11]
    Asu & Teras (2009), pp. 368–369.
  12. [12]
    Ó Sé (2000)
  13. [13]
    Valenzuela & Gussenhoven (2013:101)
  14. [14]
    Jolkesky (2009:676–677 and 682)
  15. [15]
    Jolkesky (2009:676 and 682)
  16. [16]
    Wendel & Wendel (1978:198)
  17. [17]
    Bishop (1996:230)
  18. [18]
    Pearce (2011:251)
  19. [19]
    Lee (1999:121)
  20. [20]
    Chirkova & Chen (2013a:79)
  21. [21]
    Sadowsky et al. (2013:92)
  22. [22]
    Iivonen & Harnud (2005:62, 66–67)
  23. [23]
    Olson (2004:235)
  24. [24]
    Jassem (2003:105) The source transcribes this sound with the symbol ⟨ɨ⟩ but one can see from the vowel chart at pag. 105 that the Polish sound is closer to [ɘ] than to [ɨ].
  25. [25]
    Pop (1938), p. 29.
  26. [26]
    Fast Mowitz (1975:2)
  27. [27]
    Kanu & Tucker (2010:249)
  28. [28]
    Hoang (1965:24)
  29. [29]
    Chirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013:389)
  30. [30]
    Chirkova & Chen (2013b:370)
  31. [31]
    Merrill (2008:109–110)

References

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  • Bishop, Nancy (1996), "A preliminary description of Kensiu (Maniq) phonology" (PDF), Mon–Khmer Studies Journal, 25
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