In modern usage, a Communist party is a political party which promotes Communism, a socio-political philosophy based on the particular interpretation of Marxism put forth by Vladimir Lenin. Many such parties formally use the term "Communist" in their official name. Communist parties first started to be widely established across the world in the early twentieth century, after the creation of the Communist International by the Russian Bolsheviks. Communist parties have held power in 21 nations, first and most notably in the Soviet Union.

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