Khilafat o Mulukiyat (English: transl. Caliphate and Kingship) is a book written by Abul Ala Maududi in October 1966^[1] as a refutation of the book, The Caliphate of Mu'awiyah and Yazid by Pakistani scholar Mahmood Ahmad Abbasi.^[2]

This book discusses about the stages of transformation of Khilafat into monarchy.^[3] It was translated into English and published under the title, Islam's Political Order: The Model, Deviations and Muslim Response. The English edition was translated by Tarik Jan.^[4]

Some Sunni scholars have written in an attempt to refute Maududi's book. Some prominent works are Khilafat-o-Malookiat, Tareekhi-o-Shar'i Haysiat by Hafiz Salahuddin Yousaf,^[5] Shahwahid-e-Taqaddus by Syed Muhammad Miyan Deobandi^[6] and Hazrat Muawiyah aur Tareekhi Haqa'iq by Muhammad Taqi Usmani.^[7] Works in favour of Maududi include nearly 700 pages long Tajaliat-e-Sahabah by Amir Usmani, nephew of Shabbir Ahmad Usmani; who originally wrote for almost a year in favour of Abbasi's book. Amir Usmani went so far as to claim that Maududi's book was unprecedented in the entire Islamic literature.^[8] Another book in favour, Khilafat-o-Malookiat par Aitrazat ka Tajziya was written by Justice Malik Ghulam Ali.^[8]