Boron-18

Isotopes of boron

Isotopes of boron

Nuclides with atomic number of 5 but with different mass numbers

Boron (5B) naturally occurs as isotopes 10
B
 and 11
B
, the latter of which makes up about 80% of natural boron. There are 13 radioisotopes that have been discovered, with mass numbers from 7 to 21, all with short half-lives, the longest being that of 8
B
, with a half-life of only 771.9(9) ms and 12
B
 with a half-life of 20.20(2) ms. All other isotopes have half-lives shorter than 17.35 ms. Those isotopes with mass below 10 decay into helium (via short-lived isotopes of beryllium for 7
B
 and 9
B
) while those with mass above 11 mostly become carbon.

A chart showing the abundances of the naturally occurring isotopes of boron.
Quick Facts Main isotopes, Decay ...

List of isotopes

More information Nuclide, Z ...
  1. [n 1]
    mB – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. [n 2]
    ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. [n 3]
    # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. [n 4]
    Modes of decay:
    n:Neutron emission
    p:Proton emission
  5. [n 5]
    Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  6. [n 6]
    ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  7. [n 7]
    # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  8. [n 8]
    This isotope has not yet been observed; given data is inferred or estimated from periodic trends.
  9. [n 9]
    Subsequently decays by double proton emission to 4
    He
     for a net reaction of 7
    B
     → 4
    He
     + 3 1
    H
  10. [N 10]
    Has 1 halo proton
  11. [N 11]
    Intermediate product of a branch of proton-proton chain in stellar nucleosynthesis as part of the process converting hydrogen to helium
  12. [N 12]
    Immediately decays into two α particles, for a net reaction of 9
    B
     → 2 4
    He
     + 1
    H
  13. [N 13]
    One of the few stable odd-odd nuclei
  14. [N 14]
    Immediately decays into two α particles, for a net reaction of 12
    B
     → 3 4
    He
     +  e−
  15. [N 15]
    Decay mode shown is energetically allowed, but has not been experimentally observed to occur in this nuclide.
  16. [N 16]
    Has 2 halo neutrons

Boron-8

Boron-8 is an isotope of boron that undergoes β+ decay to beryllium-8 with a half-life of 771.9(9) ms. It is the strongest candidate for a halo nucleus with a loosely-bound proton, in contrast to neutron halo nuclei such as lithium-11.[7]

Although neutrinos from boron-8 beta decays within the Sun make up only about 80 ppm of the total solar neutrino flux, they have a higher energy centered around 10 MeV,[8] and are an important background to dark matter direct detection experiments.[9] They are the first component of the neutrino floor that dark matter direct detection experiments are expected to eventually encounter.

Applications

Boron-10

Boron-10 is used in boron neutron capture therapy as an experimental treatment of some brain cancers.

References

  1. [1]
    "Standard Atomic Weights: Boron". CIAAW. 2009.
  2. [2]
    Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. [3]
    Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
  4. [4]
    Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  5. [5]
    "Atomic Weight of Boron". CIAAW.
  6. [6]
    Leblond, S.; et al. (2018). "First observation of 20B and 21B". Physical Review Letters. 121 (26): 262502–1–262502–6. arXiv:1901.00455. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.262502. PMID 30636115. S2CID 58602601.
  7. [7]
    Maaß, Bernhard; Müller, Peter; Nörtershäuser, Wilfried; Clark, Jason; Gorges, Christian; Kaufmann, Simon; König, Kristian; Krämer, Jörg; Levand, Anthony; Orford, Rodney; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Savard, Guy; Sommer, Felix (November 2017). "Towards laser spectroscopy of the proton-halo candidate boron-8". Hyperfine Interactions. 238 (1): 25. Bibcode:2017HyInt.238...25M. doi:10.1007/s10751-017-1399-5. S2CID 254551036.
  8. [8]
    Bellerive, A. (2004). "Review of solar neutrino experiments". International Journal of Modern Physics A. 19 (8): 1167–1179. arXiv:hep-ex/0312045. Bibcode:2004IJMPA..19.1167B. doi:10.1142/S0217751X04019093. S2CID 16980300.
  9. [9]
    Cerdeno, David G.; Fairbairn, Malcolm; Jubb, Thomas; Machado, Pedro; Vincent, Aaron C.; Boehm, Celine (2016). "Physics from solar neutrinos in dark matter direct detection experiments". JHEP. 2016 (5): 118. arXiv:1604.01025. Bibcode:2016JHEP...05..118C. doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2016)118. S2CID 55112052.


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