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List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions

List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions

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This is a list of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions, including hospital orders (the patient-directed part of which is referred to as sig codes). This list does not include abbreviations for pharmaceuticals or drug name suffixes such as CD, CR, ER, XT (See Time release technology § List of abbreviations for those).

Capitalisation and the use of full stops are a matter of style. In the list, abbreviations in English are capitalized whereas those in Latin are not.

These abbreviations can be verified in reference works, both recent [1] and older.[2][3][4] Some of those works (such as Wyeth 1901[4]) are so comprehensive that their entire content cannot be reproduced here. This list includes all that are frequently encountered in today's health care in English-speaking regions.

Some of these are obsolete; others remain current.

There is a risk of serious consequences when abbreviations are misread or misinterpreted. In the United Kingdom, all prescriptions should be in English without abbreviation (apart from some units such as mg and mL; micrograms and nanograms should not be abbreviated).[5] In the United States, abbreviations which are deprecated by the Joint Commission are marked in red; those abbreviations which are deprecated by other organizations, such as the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) and the American Medical Association (AMA), are marked in orange.

The Joint Commission is an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organization which offers accreditation to hospitals and other health care organizations in the United States. While their recommendations are not binding on U.S. physicians, they are required of organizations who wish accreditation by the Joint Commission.

Table

Key
Not recommended for use in the United States by the Joint Commission[6]
Not recommended for use by other organizations, such as the ISMP (Institute for Safe Medication Practices)[7])
More information Abbreviation or symbol, English ...

Currently discouraged practices

See also

References

  1. [1]
    Johnston, Mike (2006). The pharmacy technician series: Fundamentals of pharmacy practice. Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 24. ISBN 9780131147515.
  2. [2]
    Davidson, Thomas, ed. (1907), Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary of the English Language, W & R Chambers Ltd.
  3. [3]
    Kilner, Walter B., ed. (1886), A Compendium of Modern Pharmacy and Druggists' Formulary, HW Rokker.
  4. [4]
    John Wyeth & Brother (1901), An Epitome of Therapeutics: With Special Reference to the Laboratory Products of John Wyeth & Brother, John Wyeth & Brother.
  5. [5]
    "Prescription writing". NICE, BNF. Applies in England. (Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland all share guidance originating in earlier UK-wide editions of BNF that pre-dated devolution of healthcare): National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
  6. [6]
    "The Official "Do Not Use" List of Abbreviations" (PDF). The Joint Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  7. [7]
    "ISMP's List of Error Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations" (PDF). Institute for Safe Medication Practices. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  8. [8]
    "HELP BM Problems".
  9. [9]
    Kate Kelly, Pharmd (June 2003). "Recurring Confusion Between Opium Tincture and Paregoric". Pharmacy Times. Retrieved 2015-01-19.
  10. [10]
    BNF (British National Formulary) – published twice yearly by the British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
  11. [11]
    Bennett, Reginald Robert (1906), Medical and Pharmaceutical Latin for Students of Pharmacy and Medicine, J. & A. Churchill.
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