In graphonomics, Axial pen force is the component of the normal pen force that is parallel to the pen. It is dependent upon pen tilt. In the special case of a perfectly vertical orientation of the writing instrument the axial pen force equals the normal pen force.

This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (March 2011)

• Graphonomics

• Van Den Heuvel, C.Elisa; Van Galen, Gerard P.; Teulings, Hans-Leo; Van Gemmert, Arend W.A. (1998). "Axial pen force increases with processing demands in handwriting". Acta Psychologica. 100 (1–2): 145–59. doi:10.1016/S0001-6918(98)00031-6. PMID 9844562.
• http://hwr.nici.ru.nl/~miami/taxonomy/node54.doc^{[dead link]}
• http://hwr.nici.kun.nl/~miami/taxonomy/node57.doc^{[dead link]} Pen ergonomics

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