Archaeological_sites_in_India

List of Indus Valley Civilisation sites

List of Indus Valley Civilisation sites

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The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Harappan Civilisation, was a major early civilisation, existing from 3300–1300 BCE. It covered much of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, as well as possessing at least one trading colony in northeast Afghanistan.[1] Over 1,400 Indus Valley civilisation sites have been discovered,[2] of which 925 sites are in India and 475 in Pakistan.[3] Only 40 sites on the Indus valley had been discovered in the pre-Partition era[4] by archaeologists. The most widely known Indus Valley sites are Mohenjo-daro and Harappa; Mohenjo-Daro is located in modern-day Sindh, while Harappa is in Pakistani Punjab.[5] in British India, around 1,100 (80%) sites are located on the plains between the rivers Ganges and Indus.[3] The oldest-known site of the Indus Valley Civilization, Bhirrana,[6] and the largest site, Rakhigarhi,[7] are located in the Indian state of Haryana. More than 90% of the inscribed objects and seals that were discovered were found at ancient urban centres along the Indus river in Pakistan, mainly in Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.[8][9] More than 50 IVC burial sites have been found, including at Rakhigarhi (first site with genetic testing), Sanauli, Farmana, Kalibangan, Lothal, Dholavira, Mehrgarh, Harappa, Chanhudaro and Mohenjo-daro.[10]

List of Indus Valley sites

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Context of IVC sites and cultures

Wider context of the IVC includes the following:

See also


References

  1. Henri-Paul Francfort, Fouilles de Shortughai, Recherches sur L'Asie Centrale Protohistorique, Paris, pl. 75, no. 7
  2. Malik, Malti Dr (2016). History of India. New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd. p. 12. ISBN 978-81-7335-498-4.
  3. Malik, Dr Malti. History of India. New Saraswati House India Pvt. ISBN 978-81-7335-498-4.
  4. "Excavation Bhirrana". Excavation Branch-I Nagpur. Archaeological Survey of India.
  5. Subramanian, T. S. (27 March 2014). "Rakhigarhi, the biggest Harappan site". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  6. Astha Dibyopama, Yong Jun Kim, Chang Seok Oh, Dong Hoon Shin , Vasant Shinde, 2015,, Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 1-9.
  7. Indian History. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. 1930. ISBN 978-1-259-06323-7. kalibangan tiles.
  8. Agnihotri, V.K., ed. (1981). Indian History. Mumbai: Allied Publishers. pp. A–82. ISBN 978-81-8424-568-4.
  9. Archaeological Survey of India Publication:Indian Archaeology 1963-64 A Review
  10. "Baror near Ramsinghpur". Rajasthan patrika newspaper. 19 June 2006.
  11. Rao, S. R.; Gaur, A. S. (July 1992). "Excavations at Bet Dwarka" (PDF). Marine Archaeology. 3. Marine Archaeological Centre, Goa: 42–. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  12. Gaur, A. S. (25 February 2004). "A unique Late Bronze Age copper fish-hook from Bet Dwarka Island, Gujarat, west coast of India: Evidence on the advance fishing technology in ancient India" (PDF). Current Science. 86 (4). IISc: 512–514. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 January 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
  13. "Indus Valley Civilization". Archived from the original on 20 June 2012.
  14. Dhavalikar, M.K. (1993). "35. Daimabad Bronzes" (PDF). In Possehl, Gregory L. (ed.). Harappan civilization: a recent perspective. American Institute of Indian Studies and Oxford & IBH Publishing Company. hdl:2027/heb.03098.0001.001. ISBN 978-81-204-0779-4 via rhinoresourcecenter.com.
  15. Ghosh, A., ed. (1967). "Explorations, and excavations: Gujarat: 19. Excavation at Desalpur (Gunthli), District Kutch" (PDF). Indian Archaeology 1963-64, A Review. Indian Archaeology (1963–64): 10–12. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
  16. Gaur, A. S.; K. H. Vora; Sundaresh; R. Manimurali; S. Jayakumar (2013). "Was the Rann of Kachchh navigable during the Harappan times (Mid-Holocene)? An archaeological perspective" via ResearchGate.
  17. Sabharwal, Vijay (11 July 2010). "Indus Valley site ravaged by floods". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011.
  18. Farooqui, Anjum; Gaur, A.S.; Prasad, Vandana (2013). "Climate, vegetation and ecology during Harappan period: excavations at Kanjetar and Kaj, mid-Saurashtra coast, Gujarat". Journal of Archaeological Science. 40 (6). Elsevier BV: 2631–2647. Bibcode:2013JArSc..40.2631F. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2013.02.005. ISSN 0305-4403.
  19. Gaur, A.S.; Sundaresh; Abhayan, G.S.; Joglekar, P.P. "Excavations at Kanjetar and Kaj on the Saurashtra Coast, Gujarat". AGRIS: International Information System for the Agricultural Science and Technology. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  20. "seals found at Karanpura". dainik bhaskar Hindi newspaper. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  21. SHIRVALKAR, PRABODH (2012). "A Preliminary Report of Excavations at Kotada Bhadli, Gujarat: 2010-11". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 72/73: 55–68. JSTOR 43610688.
  22. McIntosh 2008, p. 68,80,82,105,113.
  23. McIntosh 2008, p. 62,74,412.
  24. India Archaeology 1976-77, A Review. Archaeological Survey of India.Page 19.
  25. Joglekar, Pramod; Gopan, Aswathy; Chase, Brad; Ajithprasad, P; Patel, Ambika; Rawat, Yadubirsingh; Gadekar, Charusmita; Sharma, Bhanu; Kumar, Ajit; Uesugi, Akinori; Gs, Abhayan; Sukumaran, Prabhin; Rajesh, S.V. (2016). "Fish Otoliths from Navinal, Kachchh, Gujarat: Identification of Taxa and Its Implications". Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology. 4: 218–227 via ResearchGate.
  26. Mittra, Debala, ed. (1983). "Indian Archaeology 1980-81 A Review" (PDF). Indian Archaeology 1980-81 a Review. Calcutta: Government of India, Archaeological Survey of India: 14.
  27. "Archaeological Survey of India". Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  28. Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Maharaja Sayyajirao University, Baroda. Excavations at Shikarpur, Gujarat 2008-2009."Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  29. Possehl, Gregory L. (2003). The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary perspective ([3rd printing]. ed.). New Delhi: Vistaar Publications. pp. 79–80. ISBN 978-81-7829-291-5.

Bibliography


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