Alfa_Romeo_in_motorsport

Alfa Romeo in motorsport

Alfa Romeo in motorsport

Role of Alfa Romeo in different categories of motorsport

During its history, Alfa Romeo has competed successfully in many different categories of motorsport, including Grand Prix motor racing, Formula One, sportscar racing, touring car racing and rallies. They have competed both as a constructor and an engine supplier, via works entries (usually under the name Alfa Corse or Autodelta) and private entries. The first racing car was made in 1913, three years after the foundation of A.L.F.A., the 40/60 HP had 6-litre straight-4 engine. Alfa Romeo quickly gained a good name in motorsport and gave a sporty image to the whole marque.

Alfa Romeo 8C-35 Scuderia Ferrari (1935)

Pre-war

1923 Alfa Romeo RL (Targa Florio racing version).
Louis Chiron after winning the 1934 French Grand Prix with an Alfa Romeo P3.

Early history

Alfa Romeo started motor racing almost immediately after it was founded. A.L.F.A. ventured into motor racing in 1911, with drivers Franchini and Ronzoni competing in the Targa Florio with two 24 HP models.[1] The marque's first success came in 1913 when Nino Franchini finished second in the Parma-Poggio Berceto race with a 40/60 HP.[2] Giuseppe Merosi built a very advanced racing car in 1914, which was named "Grand Prix".[3] In 1920, Giuseppe Campari won the race at Mugello with a 40/60 HP,[4][5] whilst Enzo Ferrari was second in Targa Florio in the same year.[6] A year later, Giuseppe Campari won at Mugello again.[5] Ugo Sivocci won the 1923 Targa Florio and Antonio Ascari took second, both with an RL.[7] Sivocci's car was painted with the green cloverleaf on a white background that was to become Alfa's symbol on their sportiest models.[8]

Grand Prix racing

Further information: Alfa Romeo Grand Prix results
Alfa Romeo team: Giuseppe Campari, Prospero Gianferrari (Managing Director of Alfa Romeo), Achille Varzi, Luigi Arcangeli and Tazio Nuvolari.

In 1923, the automobile designer Vittorio Jano went from FIAT to Alfa, designing the engines that gave Alfa racing success into the late 1930s.[9] In 1925, Alfa Romeo triumphed at the first Automobile World Championship in the history of motorsport, winning the European Grand Prix at Spa and the Italian Grand Prix at Monza.[10][11][12]

Engine of Jano's Alfa P3 Type B and its the twin gear driven superchargers.
The Alfa Romeo Racing C38, driven by Kimi Räikkönen and Antonio Giovinazzi.

In 1932, Jano designed the sensational P3 which won its first race driven by Tazio Nuvolari at the Italian Grand Prix, as well as 5 more Grands Prix that year between Nuvolari and Rudolf Caracciola.[13] In 1933, Alfa Romeo became insolvent and was transferred to Enzo Ferrari's team Scuderia Ferrari,[14] but the P3 continue to win a variety of races that year, including the Italian and Spanish Grand Prix.[15]

In 1934, Louis Chiron won the French Grand Prix, but the P3 started to lose its edge while the German Silver Arrows began to dominate.[13] However, the P3 still managed to rack up some Grand Prix wins.[16] 1935 was even tougher as the P3 was simply outclassed by the Silver Arrows, but Tazio Nuvolari gave it one of its most memorable victories by winning the 1935 German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring.[13][15][17]

Sportscar racing

Notably, Tazio Nuvolari won the 1930 Mille Miglia in a 6C 1750 after having overtaken Achille Varzi with the headlights off at nighttime.[18][17] Alfa Romeo's cars won the Targa Florio six times in row in the 1930s and the Mille Miglia every year from 1928 to 1938 except for 1931.[19][20]

The 8C 2300 won the Le Mans 24 Hours from 1931 to 1934.[21] In 1938, Clemente Biondetti won the Mille Miglia in an 8C 2900B Corto Spider;[20] notably, Biondetti will win the first edition of Mille Miglia post-war (1947) with another 8C 2900B.[20][22]

The Alfa Romeo 8C 2900B MM that won the 1938 Mille Miglia driven by Clemente Biondetti at the Simeone Foundation Automotive Museum, Philadelphia, USA.

Post-war

Formula One

Main article: Alfa Romeo in Formula One

Alfa Romeo participated in Formula One, both as a constructor and engine supplier, from 1950 to 1987.

The works Alfa Romeo team dominated the first two years of the Formula One World Championship, using the pre-war 158/159 Alfetta, but withdrew from Formula One at the end of 1951.[23][24]

During the 1960s, minor teams such as LDS, Cooper, and De Tomaso used the Alfa Romeo straight-four engines.[24] In the early 1970s, a V8 Alfa Romeo appeared in McLaren and March cars.[24]

The Brabham team used Alfa Romeo engines from 1976 to 1979, foreshadowing a return by Alfa Romeo as a constructor from 1979 to 1985.[24]

Alfa Romeo also supplied engines to the small Italian Osella team from 1983 to 1987. For the 1987 season, Alfa Romeo made a deal to supply engines to Ligier, but both deals were cancelled when Fiat took control of Alfa Romeo.[24]

In November 2017, Sauber signed a multi-year technical and commercial partnership contract with Alfa Romeo, therefore renaming to Alfa Romeo Sauber F1 Team for the 2018 season onwards.[25] On 1 February 2019, Sauber announced that it would compete in the 2019 season as Alfa Romeo Racing,[26] although the ownership, racing licence, and management structure would remain unchanged.[27] Alfa Romeo will end their partnership with Sauber at the end of the 2023 season, where Sauber will compete as the Audi factory team in 2026.[28][29]

An Alfa Romeo 182 Formula One car (1982) at the Donington Grand Prix Collection, Donington Park, UK.

Formula Three

1989 Reynard 893 Alfa Romeo Formula 3 car of Jacques Villeneuve at the Haynes International Motor Museum.

Alfa Romeo has also supplied engines to Formula Three cars.

In Europe, Alfa Romeo won five FIA European Formula 3 Championship and five FIA European Formula 3 Cup as well as a plethora of national championships in Italy (11), France (7), Germany (2), Switzerland (5), Sweden, and Austria (2). Among these, the 1979 Piercarlo Ghinzani victory at the Italian Formula Three Championship driving a Euroracing March 793 with a 2 litre Alfa engine,[30] the four consecutive Italian titles between 1981 and 1984,[31][32][33][34] and Michele Alboreto's 1980 victory at the FIA European Formula 3 Championship with a March-Alfa Romeo.[35] Noteworthy was the adoption of the Twin Spark engine 1987 which fostered this success.[36]

In South America, Alfa Romeo won 4 Formula 3 Sudamericana titles, 7 Mexican Championships, 1 Brazilian Championship, and 3 Chilean Championship.

From 2019 to 2020, a Tatuus T-318 powered by an Autotecnica Motori tuned Alfa Romeo 1.75 L 4-cyl turbocharged engine producing 270 metric horsepower (200 kW) was used in the Formula Regional European Championship, the Formula Regional Asian Championship, and the W Series.[37][38]

Formula Alfa Boxer

After the great success of the one-make championship Trofeo Alfasud, in 1987 Alfa Romeo launched the new Formula Alfa Boxer racing car which had an engine derived from the 33 and the Sprint.[39] Amato Ferrari won the debut championship in 1987, followed by Mirko Savoldi in 1988 and Alessandro Zampedri in 1989.[39]

In 1990, this engine was replaced by a more powerful Quadrifoglio Verde engine. In 1992, a European Championship (Formula Boxer Europe) was launched and the choice of chassis was liberalised. The last Formula Alfa Boxer series season was held in 1995.[39]

Indycars (1989–1991)

Alfa Romeo Indycar engine

From 1989 to 1991, Alfa Romeo participated in the PPG Indy Car World Series.[40] The 2648 cc, turbocharged V8 engine produced 720 bhp.[40] In the 1989 season, the engine was mated to a chassis specially built by March and prepared by Alex Morales Motorsports, with Roberto Guerrero at the wheel. Guerrero only managed a best of 8th place at Detroit, before both driver and engine moved onto Patrick Racing for 1990, again with a March chassis. That season proved to be an improvement, as Guerrero finished 16th place in the points standings, with a best finish of 5th place. The next year would be Alfa's last. The team switched to a Lola chassis, and Danny Sullivan took over the drive, finishing 11th in the points, with a best finish of 4th. In the end, Alfa Romeo would finish its Indy Car project without scoring a single podium, pole position, or race win.

Rally

Jean-Claude Andruet and co-driver Yves Jouanny on an Alfa Romeo Alfetta GT (Group 2) at the 1975 Rally of San Martino di Castrozza.

Alfa Romeo cars have also been used in rallying, mostly by private teams.[41]

In the 1950s, Alfa Romeo Giulietta won the 1957 Tour de Corse and the 1958 1000 Lakes Rally,[42] as well as the Alpine Rally in 1956 and 1958.[43][44] The victories in Alpine Rally were replicated in 1963 (Alfa Romeo Giulietta SZ), 1964 (Alfa Romeo Giulia TZ), 1966 (Alfa Romeo GTA) under the management of the racing department Autodelta,[45] making Alfa Romeo the most successful car maker in this competition.

Racing versions of the Alfetta GT and GTV were built by Autodelta in the 1970s, initially with an aspirated engine from the earlier GTA, for homologation under FIA Group 2.[46] In this form, they were rallied with moderate success in 1975, winning the Elba and Costa Brava rallies overall, as well as winning the Group 2 category in the Tour de Corse.[46][47] In 1980, the Alfetta GTV Turbodelta was already homologated in FIA Group 4, since the required number of production cars had been built. A racing version campaigned in rallies, but once more the effort was abandoned after a single season, despite scoring a win at the Danube Rally.[48]

In 1986, Alfa Romeo GTV6 was one of the fastest Group A rally cars.[49] However, FIA reclassified it as a Group B car at the end of 1986, changing it from a winning car to a car that was much less competitive.[49] The GTV6 placed 3rd in 1986 Tour de Corse.[50][49] In 1987, with Greg Carrbehind the wheel, the GTV6 was the last rear-wheel drive car to win the Australian Rally Championship.

Sportscars (1967–1977)

On March 6, 1963, Alfa Romeo's racing department Autodelta was established to run Alfa Romeo's sportscar programme, directed by ex-Alfa Romeo and Ferrari engineer Carlo Chiti.[45] Competing with the Alfa Romeo TZ, the team began to collect some remarkable wins in its 1.6 category,[45][51] including in the 1964 Coppa F.I.S.A.,[52] the 1964 12 Hours of Sebring,[53] the 48th Targa Florio,[54] the 1964 Nürburgring 1000 km,[55] and the 1964 24 Hours of Le Mans.

In 1967, Carlo Chiti and the Audodelta team designed a new 90-degree V8 engine for their Alfa Romeo Tipo 33 sportscar and ultimately a flat-12 engine for the Alfa Romeo 33TT12.[45] These cars were raced in the World Sportscar Championship from 1967 to 1977, winning the World Championship for Makes in 1975 with the 33TT12 and the World Championship for Sports Cars in 1977 with the Alfa Romeo 33SC12.[56][57] The company developed a Group C prototype in the early 1990s, codenamed the SE 048SP, but this never raced.[58]

Alfa Romeo Tipo 33/2 during training on the 1000-km race at the Nürburgring, 1967.
Nanni Galli training with 33/3 at the Nürburgring in 1971.
Andrea de Adamich with Alfa Romeo 33TT12 in 1974 at the Nürburgring.

Touring cars

Starting from the 1960s, Alfa Romeo has won many touring car titles. The Alfa Romeo GTA won the European Touring Car Championship (ETCC) in 1966, 1967 and 1969.[59] The later Alfa Romeo GTAm won further ETCC titles in 1970, 1971 and 1972.[59] Among other victories, the GTA won the inaugural Sports Car Club of America's Under 2 Liter Trans-Am championship in 1966 with Horst Kwech and Gaston Andrey at the wheel.[60] repeating the feat in the 1970 season.[61] The Alfa Romeo Alfetta GTV6 won four consecutive European Touring Car Championship titles between 1982 and 1985.[62][63][64][65] The British Touring Car Championship was won in 1983 by Andy Rouse driving an Alfetta GTV6 and again in 1994 by Gabriele Tarquini with an Alfa Romeo 155.[66][67]

In 1993, the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM) series was won by Nicola Larini with an Alfa Romeo 155 V6 Ti, also achieving the all-time record wins of championship races in a season (11).[68] The successor of the 155, the Alfa Romeo 156 won the European Touring Car Championship four times in a row from 2000 to 2003, with Fabrizio Giovanardi and Gabriele Tarquini.[69][70][71][72]

From 2007 to 2009, Alfa Romeo's cars (159 and 147) won in Eco Diesel categories (Class G and H) of the Bathurst 12 Hour race on three consecutive occasions.[73][74][75]

In recent years, several different drivers and teams have competed with the Alfa Romeo Giulietta in various TCR Touring Car series worldwide:

In addition, Tecnodom Sport used the Alfa Romeo MiTo in the 2016 season of the Italian Touring Car Championship.

The Alfa Romeo GTA during the 1966 Trans-Am Championship, driven by Horst Kwech and Gaston Andrey.
Michael Kopf driving the Alfa Romeo Alfetta GTV6 at Hockenheimring, during the 1984 DTM series.
The Alfa Romeo 155 V6 Ti, the 1993 DTM season winner with Nicola Larini, at the 2010 Goodwood Festival of Speed.
The Alfa Romeo 156, driven by James Thompson, during the 2007 WTCC round at Curitiba.
The Alfa Romeo Giulietta TCR, driven by Massimiliano Mugelli, during the 2019 TCR Italy Touring Car Championship at Misano.

Major victories and championships

Alfa Romeo has won the following major trophies and championships:[36]

More information Year, Competition ...

Notes

  1. [1]
    "Alfa Romeo". Quotidiano Motori (in Italian). Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  2. [2]
    Owen 1985:11
  3. [3]
    "Alfa Designers". VeloceToday. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  4. [4]
    Owen 1985:16
  5. [5]
    "CAMPARI, Giuseppe". Treccani (in Italian). Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  6. [6]
    Owen 1985:16
  7. [7]
    Owen 1985:17
  8. [8]
    Frangione, Enzo (19 May 2013). "Ugo Sivocci, storia di superstizioni". F1passion.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 June 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
  9. [9]
    "UNA VITA DAI TONI FORTI: la storia di Vittorio Jano" (PDF). Mauto (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  10. [10]
    Owen 1985:21–22
  11. [11]
    Sannia 2010:27
  12. [12]
    Tabucchi 2010:52–54
  13. [13]
    "Alfa Romeo P3". Ddavid.com. Archived from the original on 13 September 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  14. [14]
    "This Alfa Romeo Is What Enzo Ferrari Raced Before Founding Ferrari". Carscoops. 8 July 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  15. [15]
    "1932 Alfa Romeo Tipo B P3". Supercars.net. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  16. [16]
    Etzrodt, Hans. "Hills Climb winnders 1897–1949: Part 5 (1932–1936)". Kolumbus.fi. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  17. [17]
    "The Bleacher Report Grand Prix Hall of Fame: Tazio Nuvolari by Michael Griffin". Bleacher Report. 27 April 2009. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  18. [18]
    "A "Tg2 Motori" rivive l'epico sorpasso di Nuvolari a fari spenti". La Voce di Mantova (in Italian). 20 June 2020.
  19. [19]
    "Le auto vincitrici". Targaflorio-1906-1977.it (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  20. [20]
    "Storia della 1000 Miglia > 1927–1961: L'albo d'oro". 1000 miglia (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  21. [21]
    "24 Hours of Le Mans Winners". Ultimatecarpage.com. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  22. [22]
    Tabucchi 2010:125–126
  23. [23]
    "F1 – La Leggenda Dell'Alfa Romeo Nel Motorsport". Motorsport Clan (in Italian). 2 February 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  24. [24]
    Ferrari, Luca (5 December 2012). "Alfa Romeo: la storia del biscione nel Circus". F1P (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
  25. [25]
    "Alfa Romeo to return to F1 with Sauber". Formula1.com. 29 November 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  26. [26]
    Collantine, Keith (1 February 2019). "Alfa Romeo Sauber F1 Team becomes Alfa Romeo Racing". RaceFans. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  27. [27]
    "Formula 1: Sauber renamed Alfa Romeo Racing from start of 2019 season". BBC Sport. 1 February 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  28. [28]
    "Alfa Romeo to end Sauber partnership at end of 2023 season | Formula 1®". Formula 1.com. 26 August 2022.
  29. [29]
    "Sauber to become Audi works F1 team from 2026 | Formula 1®". www.formula1.com. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 2023-01-27.
  30. [30]
    "Formula 3 Italy 1979 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  31. [31]
    "Formula 3 Italy 1981 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  32. [32]
    "Formula 3 Italy 1982 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  33. [33]
    "Formula 3 Italy 1983 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  34. [34]
    "Formula 3 Italy 1984 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  35. [35]
    "Michele Alboreto". michelealboreto.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-26.
  36. [36]
    "The racing". Homdrum.net. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  37. [37]
    Wood, Ida (12 October 2018). "Italian bid beats Renault to run European regional F3 series". Formula Scout. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  38. [38]
    Simmons, Marcus (24 September 2018). "FIA to decide on two bids for Regional Formula 3 in Europe for 2019". Autosport. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  39. [39]
    "The great projects of the Eighties". Alfa Romeo Museum. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  40. [40]
    "ALFA ROMEO IN Formula Indy (1989-1990-1991)". MitoAlfaRomeo.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 April 2007. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
  41. [41]
    "Alfa Romeo Manufacturer Profile & Rally History". Rallye-Info.com. Archived from the original on 21 June 2008. Retrieved 21 June 2008.
  42. [42]
    Valentini, Roberto (January 2013). "60 anni di polvere" (PDF). La manovella (in Italian). pp. 24–33. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 August 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014.
  43. [43]
    "Final results Rallye International des Alpes 1956". eWRC-results.com. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  44. [44]
    "Critérium International de la Montagne - Coupe des Alpes 1958". eWRC-results.com. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  45. [45]
    "Autodelta – A history". ItalianCar.net. Archived from the original on 8 October 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
  46. [46]
    Cariati, Marco. "Alfa Romeo: dalla Targa Florio ai rally, fino alla Formula 1". Storie di Rally (in Italian). Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  47. [47]
    "Tour de Corse - Rallye de France 1975". eWRC-results.com. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  48. [48]
    "Alfa Romeo Alfetta GT - GTV". MitoAlfaRomeo.com (in Italian). Archived from the original on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
  49. [49]
    "Alfa Romeo GTV6 – Specifications & History". Rallye-Info.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  50. [50]
    "Tour de Corse - Rallye de France 1986". eWRC-results.com. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
  51. [51]
    "1963 Alfa Romeo Giulia TZ". Supercars.net. 23 April 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  52. [52]
    "Coppa F.I.S.A. 1964". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  53. [53]
    "Sebring 12 Hours 1964". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  54. [54]
    "Targa Florio 1964". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  55. [55]
    "Nürburgring 1000 Kilometres 1964". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  56. [56]
    Paulette, Jon. "How Alfa won the 1975 World Sportscar Championship". International-Auto.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
  57. [57]
    "World Championship for Makes 1977". World Sports Racing Prototypes. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  58. [58]
    "Alfa Romeo SE 048SP". Ultimatecarpage.com. Archived from the original on 2 July 2010. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  59. [59]
    "European Touring Car Championship (1963-2004)". Motorsport Winners. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  60. [60]
    "1966 Trans-Am box scores" (PDF). Trans-Am Series. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  61. [61]
    "1970 Trans-Am". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  62. [62]
    "1982 European Touring Car Championship". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  63. [63]
    "1983 European Touring Car Championship". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  64. [64]
    "1984 European Touring Car Championship". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  65. [65]
    "1985 European Touring Car Championship". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  66. [66]
    "Trimoco RAC British Saloon Car Championship". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  67. [67]
    "1994 Auto Trader RAC British Touring Car Championship Results". Touring-Cars.net. Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  68. [68]
    Snelgar, Miley (29 October 2021). "Going for DTM glory with Jägermeister Racing's Alfa Romeo 155 V6 Ti". Classic Driver. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  69. [69]
    "European Super Touring Cup 2000 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  70. [70]
    "European Super Touring Championship 2001 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  71. [71]
    "European Touring Car Championship 2002 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  72. [72]
    "European Touring Car Championship 2003 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  73. [73]
    "2007 WPS 12 Hour Race Final Results – 8th April 2007". BIMF.com. Archived from the original on 19 May 2007. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
  74. [74]
    "2008 WPS Bathurst 12 Hour". Natsoft.com.au. Archived from the original on 16 April 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
  75. [75]
    "2009 WPS Bathurst 12 Hour". Natsoft.com.au. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  76. [76]
    "Da domani a Vallelunga il quinto round stagionale del Campionato Italiano Turismo". Aci Sport (in Italian). 1 September 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  77. [77]
    "Gianni e Claudio Giudici con Alfa Romeo ed Honda nel TCS del Campionato Italiano Turismo". Aci Sport (in Italian). 3 February 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  78. [78]
    Corghi, Francesco (11 April 2020). "Alfa Romeo TCR story: Dal 'Lego' del 2015 alle vittorie mondiali". Motorsport.com (in Italian). Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  79. [79]
    "Alfa Romeo's racing history". Alfa Romeo Museum. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  80. [80]
    Etzrodt, Hans. "1931 European Automobile Championship". Kolumbus.fi. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  81. [81]
    "Le Mans 24 Hours 1931". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  82. [82]
    Etzrodt, Hans; Kaye, Tony. "European Championshop 1932". Kolumbus.fi. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  83. [83]
    "Hill Climb Winners 1897–1949". Kolumbus.fi. Archived from the original on 30 November 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  84. [84]
    "Le Mans 24 Hours 1932". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  85. [85]
    "Le Mans 24 Hours 1933". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  86. [86]
    "Le Mans 24 Hours 1934". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  87. [87]
    "Giro d'Italia 1954". Racing Sports Cars. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  88. [88]
    "Critérium International de la Montagne - Coupe des Alpes 1960". eWRC-results.com. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  89. [89]
    "Albo d'oro CIR: nomi di campioni". RallySlalom.com (in Italian). Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  90. [90]
    "Critérium International de la Montagne - Coupe des Alpes 1963". eWRC-results.com. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  91. [91]
    "Critérium International de la Montagne - Coupe des Alpes 1964". eWRC-results.com. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  92. [92]
    "Coupe des Alpes 1966". eWRC-results.com. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  93. [93]
    "Winner from 1965 to now" (PDF). Mitropa Rally Cup. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  94. [94]
    "Ignazio Giunti". Motorsport Memorial. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  95. [95]
    "1970 European Touring Car Championship". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  96. [96]
    "1971 European Touring Car Championship". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  97. [97]
    "European Touring Car Championship. The Blue meaning - 1972 index". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  98. [98]
    "Italian Formula 3 1972". OldRacingCars.com. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  99. [99]
    "1976 European Touring Car Championship". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  100. [100]
    "1978 European Touring Car Championship". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  101. [101]
    "1978 European Touring Car Championship". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  102. [102]
    "1979 European Touring Car Championship". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  103. [103]
    "Tony Edmondson". Driver Database. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  104. [104]
    "European Formula 3 1980". OldRacingCars.com. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  105. [105]
    "European Formula 3 1981". OldRacingCars.com. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  106. [106]
    "Lower category champions". Forix. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  107. [107]
    "Scores 1982 FIA European Formula 3 Championship". Formel 3 Guide. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  108. [108]
    "1983 Championnat de France de Voitures Production". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  109. [109]
    "Scores 1983 FIA European Formula 3 Championship". Formel 3 Guide. Archived from the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  110. [110]
    "Scores 1984 FIA European Formula 3 Championship". Formel 3 Guide. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
  111. [111]
    "1984 Championnat de France de Voitures Production". Touringcarracing.net. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  112. [112]
    "Formula 3 Germany 1984 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  113. [113]
    "Grand Prix Des Nations – Fia f3 Coupe D´Europe" (PDF). Formel 3 Guide. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  114. [114]
    "Fia Coppa D´Europa Formula 3 Imola" (PDF). Formel 3 Guide. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 January 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  115. [115]
    "Formula 3 Italy 1986 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  116. [116]
    "Greg Carr". eWRC-results.com. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  117. [117]
    "Fia Coppa D´Europa Formula 3 Silverstone" (PDF). Formel 3 Guide. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 January 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  118. [118]
    "Formula 3 Italy 1987 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  119. [119]
    "Formula 3 champion Sweden". Formel 3 Guide. Archived from the original on 17 August 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  120. [120]
    "Karl Wendlinger". Racing Years. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  121. [121]
    "Fórmula 3 Sudamericana 1988 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  122. [122]
    "L'Alfa Romeo trionfa nel Giro d'Italia". La Stampa (in Italian). 21 November 1988. p. 19.
  123. [123]
    "Formula 3 Italy 1988 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  124. [124]
    "Italian Touring Car Champions / Superturismo". Motorsports Etc. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
  125. [125]
    "Formula 3 champion Brazil". Formel 3 Guide. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  126. [126]
    "Spanish Touring Car Championship". motorsport-archive.com. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  127. [127]
    "Misano – Fia f3 Coppa Europa" (PDF). Formel 3 Guide. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
  128. [128]
    "Fórmula 3 Sudamericana 1989 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  129. [129]
    "Formula 3 Germany 1989 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  130. [130]
    "Primi Francia-Cerrato poi altre quattro "75"". La Stampa (in Italian). 20 November 1989. p. 15.
  131. [131]
    "Formula 3 Italy 1989 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  132. [132]
    "Le Mans F3000 – Fia f3 Coupe D´Europe" (PDF). Formel 3 Guide. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
  133. [133]
    "Fórmula 3 Sudamericana 1990 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  134. [134]
    "Formula 3 Italy 1990 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  135. [135]
    "Formula 3 champion Mexico". Formel 3 Guide. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  136. [136]
    "Historia De La Fórmula3". Formula3.cl (in Spanish). 11 August 2008. Archived from the original on 2 November 2010. Retrieved 2 November 2010.
  137. [137]
    "Das war die Saison 2010" (PDF). AustriaF3Cup.com (in German). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  138. [138]
    "Season 1993". DTM.com. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  139. [139]
    "Brian Smith". Driver Database. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  140. [140]
    "Tony Ricciardello". Driver Database. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  141. [141]
    "Italian Super Production Championship 2003: Schedule and Standings". motorsport-archive.com. Retrieved 10 May 2002.
  142. [142]
    "Italian Super Production Championship 2004: Schedule and Standings". motorsport-archive.com. Retrieved 10 May 2002.
  143. [143]
    "European Touring Car Cup - Super Production 2005 standings". Driver Database. Retrieved 18 June 2022.

References

  • Owen, David (1985), Great Marques: Alfa Romeo, Octopus Books, ISBN 0-7064-2219-8
  • (in Italian) Sannia, Alessandro (2010), Alfa Romeo. 100 anni di leggenda, Gribaudo, ISBN 978-88-7906-972-4
  • (in Italian) Tabucchi, Maurizio (2010), Alfa Romeo 1910–2010, Giorgio Nada Editore, ISBN 978-88-7911-502-5
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Alfa_Romeo_in_motorsport, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.