Aditi Mitra is an American theoretical condensed matter physicist known for her research on molecular scale electronics and non-equilibrium quantum systems. Other topics in her research include floquet theory and topological insulators. She is a professor of physics at New York University.

Mitra studied physics at Presidency College, graduating in 1993, and earned a master's degree in physics in 1995 at IIT Kanpur. She came to the US for doctoral study in physics at Indiana University Bloomington, and completed her Ph.D. there in 2002.^[1] Her dissertation, Transport and spin-pseudospin domain walls in integer quantum Hall systems, was supervised by Steven Girvin.^[2]

She became a postdoctoral researcher at Columbia University and the University of Toronto before joining the New York University faculty in 2006.^[1]

Mitra was named a Simons Fellow in Theoretical Physics in 2013.^[3] In 2018, Mitra was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS), after a nomination from the APS Division of Condensed Matter Physics, "for pioneering theoretical studies of out-of-equilibrium quantum systems, including nonequilibrium criticality, topological phenomena under time-periodic driving, and the dynamics of entanglement statistics".^[4]