Adamov (Russian: Ада́мов; masculine) or Adamova (Ада́мова; feminine) is a Slavic surname.^[1]

There are two theories as to the origins of this last name.^[1] According to the most commonly accepted one, they derive from various forms of the Christian masculine given name Adam, which was common in the Ukrainian and Belarusian languages.^[1]

Another theory postulates that at least some of these surnames derive from the nicknames which trace their roots to the dialectal word "адам" (adam), meaning a very tall man.^[1]

• Arthur Adamov (1908–1970), Russian-born French playwright
• Denis Adamov (born 1998), Russian footballer
• Grigory Adamov (1886–1945), Soviet journalist and science fiction writer
• Jaroslava Adamová (1925–2012), Czech actress
• Joe Adamov (1920-2005), journalist and presenter for Radio Moscow (later known as Voice of Russia)
• Leonard Adamov (1941–1977), Soviet association football player
• Philippe Adamov (1956–2020), French cartoonist
• Roman Adamov (born 1982), Russian association football player
• Roman Adamov (footballer, born 1991), Russian association football player
• Yevgeny Adamov (born 1939), former head of the Russian atomic energy ministry